CBC 9/26

Question 1

Components of CBC (5)

Answer 1

WBCs, RBCs, Hgb, Hematocrit (% of RBC in blood), platelets

Question 2

Causes of erythrocytosis (4)

Answer 2

1. Make up for small RBC size (thalassemia)
2. Poor O2 carrying capacity of blood (secondary polycythemia)
3. Autonomous RBC prod. (Primary polycythemia)
4. Epo use (doping)

Question 3

Normal adult Hgb levels in men & women?

Answer 3

Men: 13-17 g/dL

Women: 11.5-15.5

Question 4

Typical cause of primary elevated Hbg?

Answer 4

Polycythemia Vera (myeloproliferative neoplasm)

Rarely familial

Question 5

Typical secondary cause of elevated Hbg?

Answer 5

Hypoxia (ex. From copd)

Abnormal EPO production (tumors)

Question 6

What is MCV?

Answer 6

Mean cell volume - avg volume of patents RBCs.

Question 7

What is MCH?

Answer 7

Mean corpuscular Hbg - measure of Hbg content.

RBC

Question 8

What is MCHC?

Answer 8

Mean corpuscular Hbg concentration - avg Hbg concentration per cell.

(Hgb x 100)/hematocrit%

Question 9

What does low MCHC mean?

Answer 9

Anemia w/ decrease in Hgb compared to RBC size (iron deficiency)

Question 10

What does high MCHC mean?

Answer 10

Disproportionate quantity of Hgb in RBCs - indicates presence of SPHEROCYTES in blood (RBC agglutination)

Question 11

What is anisocytosis?

Answer 11

Variation in RBC SIZE - measured w/ RDW.

Microcytic anemia has ⬆ ️RDW, meaning ⬇️ iron.

Question 12

What is poikilocytosis?

Answer 12

Variability in RBC SHAPE

Question 13

What is a Schistocyte?

How are they formed?

Answer 13

RBC fragment from intravascular hemolysis.

Formed from bisection of discocyte by a FIBRIN thread. Then, schistocytes become spherical and hemolyze.

Question 14

What is an acanthocyte?

Answer 14

RBC with spiked/thorny projections on plasma membrane.

Associated w chronic liver disease

Question 15

What is a teardrop cell (dacrocyre)?

Answer 15

Tear drop shaped RBC, caused by myelophthisic disease (bone marrow infiltration)

Question 16

What are Target cells?

Answer 16

RBCs look like bullseye target w darkened center dot - associated with thalassemia and iron deficiency

Question 17

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 17

⬇️ platelet count (norm: 150-400)

Decreased prod. of platelets or increased destruction of platelets.

Question 18

What is thrombocytosis?

Answer 18

⬆️ platelet count

Question 19

Causes of neutropenia

Answer 19

Infection

Neonatal: maternal Hptx, drugs, schwachman-diamond disorder

Infant: autoimmune, chemo, immunodeficiency, Kostmann syndrome

Adult: all of above + hypersplenism, T-cell leukemia, MDS, anemia

Question 20

What is neutrophilia and what causes it?

Answer 20

⬆️ neutrophil production

From infection, myeloproliferative neoplasm, exogenous colony stimulating factors, shift in storage (stress, trauma, ketoacidosis)

Question 21

What causes lymphopenia (low lymphocyte levels)?

Answer 21

• Congenital immunodeficiency disorders - SCID, DiGeorge syndrome
• HIV, other infections
• autoimmune
• glucocorticoid therapy, chemo, rads
• malnutrition

Question 22

What causes lymphocytosis (high lymphocyte levels)?

Answer 22

Reactive: mono, VIRAL infection, HIV, smoking

Malignant: mature T/B cell leukemia