Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Blood > Bleeding And Thrombosis 10/6 > Flashcards

Bleeding And Thrombosis 10/6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for bleeding into joints?

What usually causes it?

A

Hemarthrosis

Usually caused by coagulation factor deficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do injured BVs release that attracts platelets?

A

ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Coag test asses the extrinsic pathway?

A

PT: prothrombin time

Measures time to form fibrin clot. Normal: 10-12 s

Monitored in pt’s on warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What Coag test asses the intrinsic pathway?

A

PTT: partial thromboplastin time

Uses neg charged particles, calcium; time to form fibrin clot.

Used to measure response to HEPARIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the cause if ONLY the PT is prolonged?

A

Defect in factor 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the differential (3) if patient presents with petechia and purpura but the PT and PTT are both normal?

A

Vessel wall abnormalities:

  1. Scurvy
  2. Infection
  3. Drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the cause if ONLY the PTT is prolonged?

A

Defects of factors 12, 11, 9, 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you test whether or not there is a clotting factor deficiency?

A

Mixing study.

Patient’s plasma mixed with normal plasma.

Clotting factor deficiency: correction after mix

Inhibitor: no correction after mix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are hemophilia A and B genetically inherited?

A

X-linked recessive.

Only males.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of hemophilia: (4)

A
  1. Spontaneous/traumatic subcutaneous bleeding
  2. Blood in urine
  3. Bleeding in mouth, lips, tongue
  4. Bleeding into joints, cns, GI tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What will Coag test findings indicate with Von willebrand’s disease?

A

Prolonged PTT

VWF stabilizes factor 8.

defect w/ factor 8 - long PTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the quantitative values for thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis?

A

Thrombocytopenia: <100k

Thrombocytosis: >400k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hallmarks of thrombocytopenia (3)

A

Immediate post-surgical bleeding, petechia, ecchymosis, menorrhagia

Reddish-purple blotchy rash

Spontaneous bleeding from minor trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of thrombocytopenia? (3)

A
  1. Decreased production from bone marrow (toxins, radiation, infx, leukemia)
  2. Increased destruction (autoimmune)
  3. Increased platelet consumption (DIC)
  4. Spleen sequestration
  5. Spurious- clumping of platelets. BAD!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What demographic usually presents with thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (ttp)

A

Adults, 30’s, mostly women, after virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Pentad (5) symptoms of TTP?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Thrombocytopenia w/ purpura
  3. MHA (micro angiopathic hemolytic anemia)
  4. Neurological deficit
  5. Renal failure
17
Q

What enzyme is deficient in TTP?

A

ADAMST-13

Can’t degrade multimeters of VWF

18
Q

What is the treatment for TTP?

A

Therapeutic plasma exchange with FFP: removed multimers and adds VWF

19
Q

What will peripheral blood smear for MHA show?

A

Schistocytes

Large platelets

20
Q

What demographic most commonly gets HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)?

A

Children 1-4 y.o

Presents with bloody diarrhea

21
Q

What is the triad of symptoms for HUS?

A
  1. Thrombocytopenia
  2. MHA
  3. Renal dysfunction (hematuria, proteinuria, uremia)
22
Q

What demographic most commonly presents with ITO (immune thrombocytopenic purpura)?

A

Young women

23
Q

What causes ITP?

A

Autoantibody mediated destruction of platelets. Platelets are opsonized and removed by spleen.

24
Q

What are the four symptoms of ITP?

A

Petechia
Menorrhagia
Hematuria
Melena

25
Q

What is a defect of platelet adhesion?

A

Bernard-Soulier

26
Q

What is defective formation of platelet aggregation?

A

Glanzman thrombasthenia

27
Q

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) is a thrombohemorrhagic disorder with: (3)

A
  1. Excessive coagulation activation
  2. Consumption of platelets, fibrin, and coagulation factors: hemorrhage
  3. Activation of fibrinolysis: formation of thrombi in microvasculature
28
Q

5 diagnostic findings of DIC:

A
  1. Thrombocytopenia
  2. MHA - schistocytes
  3. Prolonged pt/PTT
  4. Increased fibrin split products (fsp) & d-dimers
  5. Decreased fibrinogen and coagulation favored (5 & 8)
29
Q

What 2 enzymes promote plasminogen conversion to plasmin?

A

T-PA

UPA

30
Q

What enzyme inhibits plasminogen conversion to plasmin?

A

PAI-1

Released from endothelial cells

**PAI-1 deficiency can cause thrombus formation

31
Q

What inactivates plasmin?

A

Alpha 2-antiplasmin

32
Q

What 2 coagulation factors does protein c inhibit to inhibit thrombin’s ability to activate CF’s and platelets?

A

5 & 8

33
Q

What Coag cofactors are vitamin k dependent?

A

2, 7, 9, 10

Protein c and s

34
Q

What are the 2 genetic causes of hypercoagulable states?

A
  1. Factor 5 Leiden point mutation (reduced activity of pC)
  2. Mutant form of factor 5 (insensitive to pC)
  3. Prothrombin gene point mutation (elevated prothrombin)
35
Q

What are the 4 acquired causes of hypercoagulable states?

A
  1. BC
  2. Cancer
  3. HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia)
  4. Anti phospholipid syndrome
36
Q

What is a likely outcome of protein C or S deficiency?

A

Deep vein thrombosis

37
Q

What is the syndrome of thrombosis associated with a visceral malignancy, such as adenocarcinoma of the pancreas?

A

Trousseau’s syndrome

Blood (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions