Cattle 7 Flashcards
Why does biosecruity interest vets
- Prevent import of diseases or pest species!
- Comply with State Laws
- Some states require vets to sign off on things before inter-state movement
- Comply with Industry Requirements
- LPA requires all farmers to have a biosecurity plan –some need help!
- Johne’s Disease schemes require vets to oversee biosecurity plans
LPA what is it, how to become a member, the requirements and what ensures meat safety for the industry
Australian livestock industry’s on-farm assurance program
- Voluntary, but necessary - needed in order to sell your animals to abattoir
- In practical terms, ALL farmers are members of LPA
- Seven requirements:
1. Property risk assessments
2. Safe and responsible animal treatments
3. Stock foods, fodder crops, grain and pasture treatments
4. Preparation for dispatch of livestock
5. Livestock transactions and movements
6. Biosecurity
7. Animal Welfare - national animal welfare standards NOW - previously state level - In a regulatory sense, LPA + NVD (national vendor declaration) + NLIS (ear tag) assures food safety for the red meat industries.
Define biosecurity
- A set of planned steps to prevent spread of infectious disease (or invasive plants)
○ External (new introductions)
○ Internal spread within an operation
○ Not all risk can be eliminated –need to minimise the opportunity
What are the 7 main bio security essentials - EXAM
- Farm Inputs
- Farm Outputs
- People
- Vehicles and Equipment
- Production Practices
- Ferals and Weeds
- Train, Plan and Record
Essential 1 for biosecurity essentials is what and what are the 5 considerations within
FARM INPUTS
- 1.1 Introducing new plants and animals
- 1.2 Animal Feed
- 1.3 Banned Animal Material
- 1.4 Water Sources
- 1.5 Fertiliser
What advice to get farmers about importing stock to ensure proper biosecrutiy
1) Appropriate Stock
○ Ask for an NVD and CHS
1. National Vendor Declaration (an LPA document certifying freedom from residues)
□ Must be a ‘member’ of LPA
□ A voluntary document
□ Required by abattoirs!
2. Cattle Health Statement (an AHA document about disease risk)
□ Cattle Health Declaration
□ Voluntary
□ Penalties for filling it in incorrectly
- Testing for pestivirus
- Were they born on the farm? - mainly for Johne’s disease
○ If have Johne’s positive NEED TO WRITE ON THIS
○ Co-grazing with dairy cattle - higher risk
○ Ask to see their biosecurity plan!
2) Quarantine/Insepction of introduced stock
3) Testing/Treatment of introduced stock
What are important disease to avoid getting from stock/equipment and people with the biosecurity plan and which on cattle health statement
- Johne’s disease - THIS
- Mycoplasma
- Theileria
- Digital dermatitis
- Resistant GIT worms
- Trichomonas
- Pestivirus - THIS
- Enzootic bovine leucosis
- Strep agalactiae
- Penicillin resistant S. aureus
- Salmonella
- Anthrax - THIS
- Vibriosis - THIS
- Ticks / Tick fever - THIS
- Cannot just rely on cattle health document as all diseases are important
How to prevent Johne’s disease from entering farm with biosecruity plan
- J-BAS
○ Johne’s Beef Assurance Score
○ Self-assessment by herd owner
○ Transition arrangements mean that most herds will have score 7 or 8
○ Written on animal health statement
○ J-BAS is “optional” but penalties apply for dishonesty
Mycoplasma what diseases does it lead to and how to test for
○ untreatable mastitis in dairy and beef cows
○ severe pneumonia in up to 30% of infected calves, starting as a hacking cough
○ ear infections in calves
○ abortions
○ severe arthritis/synovitis in all ages of cattle
○ transmitted by cows, semen, milk, equipment
○ no useful individual test
○ Bulk milk PCR provides some assurance
Mycoplasma and theileria why important for biosecuirty and how to prevent
important when naïve herd is exposed - devastating for a few years then get antibodies and the effects slow down
- PCR, blood or milk
- history of the herd and origin is important
Digital dermatitis why important as part of biosecuirty and how to prevent
○ Difficult to treat ○ Seems to be infectious ○ Treponemes likely involved ○ Probably impossible to eradicate ○ Cows or equipment ○ Clean lameness gear! ○ Check cows carefully and check herd of origin history
Pestivirus how to prevent within the herd
○ Test all introductions for Pis - easy to do ○ Simple ear notch test $10ish ○ Protect stock if your herd is endemic! ○ Big losses in the first year ○ Control is expensive
Enzootic bovine leukosis why important to be on biosecruity plan, what need to test and how
○ A retrovirus
○ The Australian dairy industry is free of EBL - open up markets
○ The beef industry isn’t - NEED TO TEST BEEF BULLS
○ There is a good blood/milk test
○ It’s a condition of milk supply to test any beef animals entering dairy farms
○ Disinfect equipment from beef farms
What are the considerations for farm output and people as part of the biosecruity essentials
- FARM OUTPUTS
- Moving plants and machinery on and off the property
- Shows and Sales - PEOPLE
- Property Access
- Signage
- Visitor Risk Assessment
- Visitor contact with Plants and Animals
- General Hygiene
What are the 7 important considerations with vehicles and equipment as part of biosecurity essentials
1 Equipment Hygiene 2 Dedicated Equipment 3 Storage Areas 4 Vehicle Entry Points 5 Vehicle movement and parking 6 Run-off from vehicle wash areas 7 Roads and Tracks
What are the 8 main considerations with production practices as part of the biosecuirty plan
- 5.1 Water Management
○ Especially Johne’s disease - cutting off water supply - 5.2 Animal Manure and Waste (botulism)
- 5.3 Feed Management (listeria, aspergillus, salmonella)
- 5.4 Fencing (vibriosis, Johne’s…)
- 5.5 AgVetChemicals
- 5.6 Monitoring and Surveillance
- 5.7 Spread of disease within the herd (vaccination programs)
- 5.8 Spread of disease to and from humans (Q fever, lepto, tetanus, Hendra)
What is involved in feral and weeds and train, plan and record as part of biosecurity essentials
- FERAL AND WEEDS
- Wild/feral animals (neospora, salmonella)
- Weeds - TRAIN, PLAN AND RECORD
- Review plan
- Plan visibility
- How to make a plan ?!
