Cats, Rabies, Vaccines, Protozoal Flashcards
1
Q
Rivolta test
A
1 drop 8% acetic acid plus 5 ml water. a drop of effusion stay balled up
2
Q
another word for blood in feces
A
hematochezia
3
Q
How is Dystemper vaccine given
A
SQ
4
Q
FeLV prevalence is lower in purebred cats due to the weaker immunity decreasing clinical signs
A
False, lower prevalence of purebred animals is due to them living indoors
5
Q
How is Trichomonas foetus spread
A
shared litter box
6
Q
Hives are called what
A
Urticaria
7
Q
What is the treatment for coccidiosis
A
Sulfonamides
Toltrazuril/diclazuril (Baycox)
8
Q
What is a good screening test for hepatozoonosis
A
Radiographs for periostial reaction
9
Q
How long after exsposure do clinical signs of rabies appear
A
3-8 weeks after exsposure
10
Q
Why is FIP becoming more common
A
Stress of shelters more cats more contact with feces poor commercial diets Pure breeds have worse immunity Living longer (2nd spike at 10 yrs)
11
Q
What is the therapy of choice for FeCoV
A
No real therapy exists
Symptomatic treatment:
glucocorticoids to decrease inflammation
INF-a, to increase cellular immunity (INF-w may help)
12
Q
T/F
EB-1 vaccines are those which have undergone experimental trials in the laboratory setting
A
False, EB-1 is for multiple field trials
EB-2 is in the laboratory
13
Q
Treatment for sporothrix
A
itraconazole and saturated KI (topical)
14
Q
FeLV replicates in many tissues including:
Bone marrow
salivary glands
respiratory epithelium
What is the importance of replication in these tissues?
A
Bone marrow replication results in pancytopenia
Salivary and respiratory allows spreading of the virus
15
Q
what antigin is in the bortatella vaccine
A
LPS from the cell wall
16
Q
What vaccine can cause polyradiculoneuritis- Coonhound paralysis
A
Rabies derived from mouse brain
17
Q
Pathogenesis of Cytauxzoonosis
A
Tick bite> macrophage (schizogenous reproduction to merozoites)> erythrocytes endocytose (piroplasms)
18
Q
what is the outermost layer of the adrenal gland
A
glomerulosa
19
Q
What fungal infection are cat’s particularly susceptible to
A
Sporotrichosis- Sporothrix schenkii
20
Q
What hypersensitivity is complement mediated
A
Type 2
21
Q
A dog presents with leg stiffness, neurologic signs and increased CK and AST. What is a protozoal differencial
A
Neospora caninum
22
Q
What kind of virus is FIV
A
FIV is a lentivirus a class of retrovirus
23
Q
hematochezia
A
blood in feces
24
Q
many cats are FeCoV carriers, but don’t develope FIP. Why do some cats develop FIP
A
They lack the strong cellular response to clear the virus, and instead have a humoral response instead
25
The gold standard for diagnosing FIP is immunohistochemistry staining of effusion
false, not effusion, of histology sample
26
How do you diagnose Feline Panleukopenia
paired serology fecal antigen ELISA
Viral isolation
PCR of tissue or feces
27
What is the absolute gold standard for diagnosis FIP
Histopathology immunohistochemistry staining of biopasy
28
What vaccine-associated disease is noted in Akita dogs
Type 3 Immune-mediated polyarthritis- progressive resulting in euthanasia. From Modified Live vaccines (MLV)
29
FeLV is a retrovirus, why is this important
it incorporates into host DNA
30
T/F
You observe a fecal wet prep and observe something swimming straight. It may be Giardia
True, giardia swim straight
31
Which vaccines are more likely to result in a granulomatous cutaneous reaction
FeLV
Rabies
Giardia
32
33
When is the immunostimulant, Polyprenyl counter indicated
effusive FIP
34
Treatment for Cytauxzoonosis (2)
Imidocarb
Diminazene aceturate
35
If a vaccinated and current dog is bitten by rabid animal what should be done
Revaccinate immediately, observe for 45 days
36
What antigen is used to diagnose FeLV
P27 GAG protein
37
The lesion shown is suggestive of what feline disease
FeCoV- Feline corona virus infiltrating GALT tissues
38
Yellow pasty diarrhea is indicative of what organism
Coccidiosis
39
A cat gets out of the house and comes back with bites. When should you test for FIV antibodies
60 days after possible exposure
40
What is positive in the left test, the right?
Left is FeLV p-27 antigen
Right is FIV antibody
41
What is the asexual life stage of toxo
tachyzoite
42
What cells does FIV infect during the asymptomatic period
lymphocytes, monocytes/ macrophages, follicular dendritic cells,
astrocytes, brain microglial cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, megakaryocytes,
thymic epithelial cells, salivary epithelium
43
When should animals be vaccinated for rabies
16 weeks, then booster every 1 or 3 years
44
45
What are the treatements for coccidiosis
Treat coccidiosis with coccidiastat
Sulfonamides
Amprolium
Toltrasuril/diclazuril (Baycox)- 1 treatment
46
if a male and female cat are positive for FeCoV antibodies they should not be bred
false, it's fine to breed them
47
FeLV, FIV and FeCoV/FIP vacines are dependant on what kind of immunity
CMI
48
49
What protozoal uses ruminants and related large animals as intermediate host
neosporum caninum- causes multifocal neurologic sings in the dog
50
What hypersensitivity is associated with CAV-1 or 2
Type 3 antibody/antigen complexes
Blue Eye
51
Which vaccines are linked to type one hypersensitivity
Rabies
CCoV
FeLV
Lepto
Nasal Bordetella
Possibly distemper
52
How is FIP prevented
Intranasal vaccine starting at 16 weeks, 2 doses three weeks apart
53
How do you prevent FIP
vaccinate with mutant virus
54
Which disease is more prevalent in indoor cats?
Outdoor?
Indoor FeCoV due to fecal contact
Outdoor FeLV due to fighting
55
What are the core dog vaccines
CDV - canine distemper
CAV-1 - for adenovirus 2 protection
CPV- canine parvo
Rabies
56
T/F
Transmission of FIV from mother to kittens in utero or postpartum is a very
rare event
True- although it's found in high concentrations in the milk, transmucosal transmission is rare
57
Adventituous agents associated with vaccines
contamination from bacteria or viruses in vaccine production
58
To determine if an animal is covered by a vaccine, serology can be performed. Which vaccines would you test by IgG antibodies
IgG – CDV, CPV, CAV‐1 and FPV
59
How is toxoplasmosis transmitted
Congenital- tachyzoites (lactational, transplacental)
Ingestion of bradyzoites (in tissue)
Oocytes- sporozoites (in water/food)
60
How is cytauxzoonosis spread
R. sanguineus
Amblioma
61
What % of sick cats are suspected to be infected with FeLV
38% of sick cats
62
tenesmus
straining
63
How soon after exposure do clinical signs of rabies appear
3-8 weeks
64
What immune response generates the dry form of FIP
a moderate humoral immune responce
65
What hypersensitivity is IgE mediated
Type 1- immediate
66
Treatment for Giardia
Fenbendazole (Panicure)
67
How often should chlamys Phila and bordetella vaccines be boosted in cats
annual
68
How long is the toxo enteroepithelial cycle
3-10 days
69
Urticaria
hives
70
Pathogenesis of Blue Eye
CAV1 or 2 antibody/antigen complexes accumulating in the anterior uvea. Related to passive immunity
71
A albumin:globulin ratio of less than one is suggestive of FeCoV
True- (0.45-0.8) due to high globulin count
72
What is trismous
Lock Jaw
73
How long is the prepatent period for giardia in dog and cat
Prepatent period of giardia
Dog: 5-16 days
Cat: 4-12 days
74
For which vaccines are there simple in-house serology tests
CDV
CPV-2
CAV
75
How is bortatella vaccine given
Intranasally or SQ
76
77
T/F most cats get the peracute form of Feline Parvovirus and die within 12 hours
False many cats are subclinical and those which are clinical are usually acute
78
What is polyradiculoneuritis also called
Coonhound paralysis
79
What are the phases of FIV infection
Acute
Asymptomatic
Terminal
80
aldosterone is what class of hormone
mineralcorticioid
81
What agent is responsible for most clinical syndromes in felines
FeLV- feline leukemia virus
82
A cat with a IFA titer of 1:40 is not shedding the virus
False, at titer of 1:40-1:80 suggests a shedder
83
T/F
Vaccinated cats produce antibodies, an ELISA test can be
performed to differentiate FIV vaccinated from FIV cats
True
84
What is another name for FIP
feline infectious peritonitis- FeCoV
85
Akitas are predisposed to adverse reactions to what vaccine
CAV-1 or 2
86
What agent causes FIP
Feline coronavirus that mutates into a virulent form
87
To determine if a cat has a progressive of regressive FeLV infection what test should be requested.
a FeLV-p27 GAG antigen six weeks after initial diagnosis. If the test is positive, the cat has a progressive infection, if negative it has a regressive infection
88
Type 2 coronavirus is unique to cats and causes most FIP
False, Type 2 is a combination of feline and canine coronavirus. It can cause FIP, but type 1 is more common
89
A cat is ELISA FeLV‐p27 antigen positive, fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy how can you differentiate between regressive and progressive infection
retest for antigen in 6 weeks. If regressive, the test will be p27 antigen negative
90
what antigen is in the lyme vaccine
Osp- Killed vaccine
91
The virus is contained before or shortly after bone marrow infection, what kind of FeLV
Regressive infection
92
The clinical signs of non effusive FIP (FeCoV) are vague, except for what lesions
Intraocular lesions
93
The cats have an effective immune response, what kind of FeLV do they get
Regressive infection
94
Intranasal FeCoV vaccination should be administered in cases where cats have been exposed to a positive animal
False- vaccine does not work in a cat incubating the disease. Antibody testing is essential before vaccination
95
What cytokines do FeCoV infected monocytes release
IL-6: liver releases a-1 glycoprotein TNF-a: inflammatory IL-1: activates B & T cells, fever MMP-9: breaks down extracellular matrix
96
What form of Toxo is found in oocysts
Sporozoites
97
What is a common cause for cerebral hypoplasia in kittens
Feline panleukopenia (Feline parvo)
98
what dies the glomerulosa of the adrenal gland produce
mineralcorticoicoids
99
Feline coronavirus is shed in feces beginning at 2 days post infection
true, most cats are shedders but clear virus in 2-3 months
100
How is FIV spread
Parenteral inoculation of virus in saliva or blood. Bites or
fights/ wounds
101
FeLV is spread vertically but is not pathogenic. Why then, does vertical transmission matter?
Vertically acquired FeLV increases the pathogenicity of FeLV-A
102
In what hypersensitivity is IgG or IgM involved
Type 2
103
T/F
FeLv can be spread vertically
True- transplacentally or through nursing
104
What is the actively multiplying stage of toxo
tachyzoites
105
What is the major cause of disease in FeCoV
immune mediated vasculitis
106
T/F
Babesia Vogeli is the least pathogenic and most common in North America
True, but 50% of pits have gibsoni
107
Gold standard diagnosis for FeCoV
histopathology showing vasculitis of intestine
108
By what mechanism is FeLV spread
Horizontal, Vertically (increases the pathogenicity of FeLVC-A, but not pathogenic itself)
109
Small Bowel diarrhea presents as
High Volume
Low frequency
110
What causes feline panleukopenia
feline parvo virus
111
How do you treat Feline Parvo (panleukopenia)
symptomatic:
preemptive broad spectrum antibiotics
IFN w
Food
Kaolin pectin and bismuth subsilicate
112
What protozoal causes multifocal CNS signs
Neospora cranium
113
How does the FIP vaccine work
stimulates the cell-mediated immune response through antibody production
114
How is Trichomoniasis treated
Ronidasole
115
You perform a fecal and find this.
Coccidia
116
Like in dogs, canine parvovirus can cause severe disease in cats
False, mild disease
117
what immune response is responsible for wet FIP
A strong humoral response causes immune mediated vasculitis
118
Treatemnt for neosporum caninum
TMS- causes dry eye
Clindamysin
119
Which hypersensitivity is cell mediated
Type 4- delayed hypersensitivity by T-cells
120
121
When should maternal FIV antibodies clear from kitten
After 6 months of age
122
These cats never get the virus, high levels of neutralizing antibodies in circulation
Abortive infection
123
What vaccine is associated with cerebellar dysplasia
Canine and Feline Parvo
124
What intraocular lesions are suggestive of coronavirus in a cat
Iritis- color change of irus Aqueous flare- anterior chamber cloudiness Keratic precipitates Retinal hemorage/detachemnt
125
What is responsible for the leakiness of blood vessels in FeCoV positive cats
MMP-9 (metalloproteinase) breaks extracellular matrix proteins
126
Type 1 feline corona virus is unique to cats.
True, most FIP is caused by this serotype
127
What is the diagnostic test for coccideosis
Fecal Float
128
How do you treat FIP
steroids and good nutrition. they still die
129
What is a major side-effect of TMS
Dry Eye
130
What is serum sickness
serum sickness is a
Type 3 hypersensitivity- antigen/antibody complexes
131
T/F
If a cat's Immune system is not strong enough to get rid of the FeLV infection it should not be bred because the babies will not be born alive
False- the cats with abortive infections are genetically protected, have high antibody protection and destroy the virus.
132
According to WSAVA guidelines, how often should core vaccines be given
Beginning at 6-8 weeks of age, every 2-4 weeks until 16 weeks old.
REvacinate at 6-12 months
Booster every 3 years
133
T/F
A regressive FeLV infection will be cleared and you will not be able to detect by PCR
False- the genome is incorporated into the cat DNA and can be detected by PCR
134
What are the phases of Rabies in order
Prodromal 2-3 days
Furious 1-7 days
Paralytic 1-10 days
135
Dog and Cat Global core vaccines
DOG:
CDV, CPV, CAV
CAT:
FPV, FHV-1, FCV
BOTH:
Rabies where endemic
136
which disease is intranasal vaccination in cats
FeCoV
137
another term for lock jaw
trismous
138
What stage of toxo is excreted in the feces of cats
sporozoites in oocysts
139
What disease accounts for the most disease-related deaths in pet cats
FeLV- feline leukemia virus
140
what antigen is in the FeLv vaccine. pfizer and leukotren
GAG protein -pfizer
gp70 -leukotren
141
What vaccine reaction is especially noted in Weimaraners
Vaccine-associated hypertrophic osteodystrophy from Canine Distemper vaccine
142
What is the significance of the P27 GAG protein
The P27 GAG protein is the antigen used to diagnose FeLV
143
Whiule conducting a CBC on a sick dog, you find this in a neutrophil
Hepatozoonosis
144
Cerebellar dysplasia following a Parvo Virus vaccine is an example of what hypersensitivity
Type 4- delayed T-cell mediated
145
another word for straining
tenesmus
146
How is FeCoV vaccine given
Intranasal
147
148
What is the predominant method of transmission for FeLV
Horizontally via saliva from licking
149
What is the primary antiviral used to treat FIV infections
AZT - zidovudine
150
Nearly all cats that get infected with feline coronavirus will become ill and eventually die
False, most do not develop FIP
151
T/F
Crypto is small bowel diarrhea
True
Crypto coat the microvilli of small bowel
152
How do cats get Feline coronavirus
direct contact with feces
153
What kind of vaccine is linked to type 2 hypersensitivity (IMHA)
Polyvalent
154
What protozoal is considered a neonate pathogen
coccidiosis
155
A new vaccine is available with FIV subtype A and D, what type of immunity does it produce
Cellular and humoral
156
A protozoal infection cats can get is Toxoplasma gondii– what is the definitive host
The cat is the definitive host
157
which 2 vaccines use ttansdermal route?
melinoma and FeLV
158
What cells does FIV predominantly infect during early infection
Lymphocytes and Plasma cells
159
How long after passed in feces until toxo is infectious
1-5 days
160
T/F
Trichomoniasis is more common with indoor cats
True, due to shared litter box
161
where in the adrenal gland is corticol steroid produced
fasiculata of the adrenal gland- middle layer
162
Treatment for Hepatozoonosis
TMS
Clindamycin
decoquinate- good for long term treatemnt
163
Allergic facial swelling is called what
Angioedema
164
How do you prevent Feline panleukopenia (FPV)
Passive immunotherapy
Vaccinate after maternal antibodies
165
Some clients are vaccine sensitive. For the purpose of testing for vaccination antibodies, which vaccines are coverd by IgA
IgA – bordetellosis, canine coronavirus enteritis, FCV, FHV‐1
166
Angioedema
Facial swelling
167
What stage of FIV infection will enteritis, respiratory tract disease, stomatitis and dermatitis be seen
Acute phase
168
What kind of infection does a cat get if the immune system is not strong enough to get rid of the virus
Progressive
169
what stage of toxo is found in tissue cysts
bradyzoites
170
What liver protein is suggestive of FIP
AGP (Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein)
171
What is another name for FeCoV
FIP- Feline infectious peritonitis
