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SAM_1 > Cats, Rabies, Vaccines, Protozoal > Flashcards

Cats, Rabies, Vaccines, Protozoal Flashcards

1
Q

Rivolta test

A

1 drop 8% acetic acid plus 5 ml water. a drop of effusion stay balled up

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2
Q

another word for blood in feces

A

hematochezia

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3
Q

How is Dystemper vaccine given

A

SQ

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4
Q

FeLV prevalence is lower in purebred cats due to the weaker immunity decreasing clinical signs

A

False, lower prevalence of purebred animals is due to them living indoors

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5
Q

How is Trichomonas foetus spread

A

shared litter box

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6
Q

Hives are called what

A

Urticaria

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7
Q

What is the treatment for coccidiosis

A

Sulfonamides

Toltrazuril/diclazuril (Baycox)

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8
Q

What is a good screening test for hepatozoonosis

A

Radiographs for periostial reaction

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9
Q

How long after exsposure do clinical signs of rabies appear

A

3-8 weeks after exsposure

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10
Q

Why is FIP becoming more common

A

Stress of shelters more cats more contact with feces poor commercial diets Pure breeds have worse immunity Living longer (2nd spike at 10 yrs)

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11
Q

What is the therapy of choice for FeCoV

A

No real therapy exists

Symptomatic treatment:

glucocorticoids to decrease inflammation

INF-a, to increase cellular immunity (INF-w may help)

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12
Q

T/F

EB-1 vaccines are those which have undergone experimental trials in the laboratory setting

A

False, EB-1 is for multiple field trials

EB-2 is in the laboratory

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13
Q

Treatment for sporothrix

A

itraconazole and saturated KI (topical)

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14
Q

FeLV replicates in many tissues including:

Bone marrow

salivary glands

respiratory epithelium

What is the importance of replication in these tissues?

A

Bone marrow replication results in pancytopenia

Salivary and respiratory allows spreading of the virus

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15
Q

what antigin is in the bortatella vaccine

A

LPS from the cell wall

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16
Q

What vaccine can cause polyradiculoneuritis- Coonhound paralysis

A

Rabies derived from mouse brain

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of Cytauxzoonosis

A

Tick bite> macrophage (schizogenous reproduction to merozoites)> erythrocytes endocytose (piroplasms)

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18
Q

what is the outermost layer of the adrenal gland

A

glomerulosa

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19
Q

What fungal infection are cat’s particularly susceptible to

A

Sporotrichosis- Sporothrix schenkii

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20
Q

What hypersensitivity is complement mediated

A

Type 2

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21
Q

A dog presents with leg stiffness, neurologic signs and increased CK and AST. What is a protozoal differencial

A

Neospora caninum

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22
Q

What kind of virus is FIV

A

FIV is a lentivirus a class of retrovirus

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23
Q

hematochezia

A

blood in feces

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24
Q

many cats are FeCoV carriers, but don’t develope FIP. Why do some cats develop FIP

A

They lack the strong cellular response to clear the virus, and instead have a humoral response instead

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25
Q

The gold standard for diagnosing FIP is immunohistochemistry staining of effusion

A

false, not effusion, of histology sample

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26
Q

How do you diagnose Feline Panleukopenia

A

paired serology fecal antigen ELISA

Viral isolation

PCR of tissue or feces

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27
Q

What is the absolute gold standard for diagnosis FIP

A

Histopathology immunohistochemistry staining of biopasy

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28
Q

What vaccine-associated disease is noted in Akita dogs

A

Type 3 Immune-mediated polyarthritis- progressive resulting in euthanasia. From Modified Live vaccines (MLV)

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29
Q

FeLV is a retrovirus, why is this important

A

it incorporates into host DNA

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30
Q

T/F

You observe a fecal wet prep and observe something swimming straight. It may be Giardia

A

True, giardia swim straight

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31
Q

Which vaccines are more likely to result in a granulomatous cutaneous reaction

A

FeLV

Rabies

Giardia

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32
Q
A
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33
Q

When is the immunostimulant, Polyprenyl counter indicated

A

effusive FIP

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34
Q

Treatment for Cytauxzoonosis (2)

A

Imidocarb

Diminazene aceturate

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35
Q

If a vaccinated and current dog is bitten by rabid animal what should be done

A

Revaccinate immediately, observe for 45 days

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36
Q

What antigen is used to diagnose FeLV

A

P27 GAG protein

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37
Q

The lesion shown is suggestive of what feline disease

A

FeCoV- Feline corona virus infiltrating GALT tissues

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38
Q

Yellow pasty diarrhea is indicative of what organism

A

Coccidiosis

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39
Q

A cat gets out of the house and comes back with bites. When should you test for FIV antibodies

A

60 days after possible exposure

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40
Q

What is positive in the left test, the right?

A

Left is FeLV p-27 antigen

Right is FIV antibody

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41
Q

What is the asexual life stage of toxo

A

tachyzoite

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42
Q

What cells does FIV infect during the asymptomatic period

A

lymphocytes, monocytes/ macrophages, follicular dendritic cells,
astrocytes, brain microglial cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, megakaryocytes,
thymic epithelial cells, salivary epithelium

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43
Q

When should animals be vaccinated for rabies

A

16 weeks, then booster every 1 or 3 years

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44
Q
A
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45
Q

What are the treatements for coccidiosis

A

Treat coccidiosis with coccidiastat

Sulfonamides

Amprolium

Toltrasuril/diclazuril (Baycox)- 1 treatment

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46
Q

if a male and female cat are positive for FeCoV antibodies they should not be bred

A

false, it’s fine to breed them

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47
Q

FeLV, FIV and FeCoV/FIP vacines are dependant on what kind of immunity

A

CMI

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48
Q
A
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49
Q

What protozoal uses ruminants and related large animals as intermediate host

A

neosporum caninum- causes multifocal neurologic sings in the dog

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50
Q

What hypersensitivity is associated with CAV-1 or 2

A

Type 3 antibody/antigen complexes

Blue Eye

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51
Q

Which vaccines are linked to type one hypersensitivity

A

Rabies

CCoV

FeLV

Lepto

Nasal Bordetella

Possibly distemper

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52
Q

How is FIP prevented

A

Intranasal vaccine starting at 16 weeks, 2 doses three weeks apart

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53
Q

How do you prevent FIP

A

vaccinate with mutant virus

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54
Q

Which disease is more prevalent in indoor cats?

Outdoor?

A

Indoor FeCoV due to fecal contact

Outdoor FeLV due to fighting

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55
Q

What are the core dog vaccines

A

CDV - canine distemper

CAV-1 - for adenovirus 2 protection

CPV- canine parvo

Rabies

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56
Q

T/F

Transmission of FIV from mother to kittens in utero or postpartum is a very
rare event

A

True- although it’s found in high concentrations in the milk, transmucosal transmission is rare

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57
Q

Adventituous agents associated with vaccines

A

contamination from bacteria or viruses in vaccine production

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58
Q

To determine if an animal is covered by a vaccine, serology can be performed. Which vaccines would you test by IgG antibodies

A

IgG – CDV, CPV, CAV‐1 and FPV

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59
Q

How is toxoplasmosis transmitted

A

Congenital- tachyzoites (lactational, transplacental)

Ingestion of bradyzoites (in tissue)

Oocytes- sporozoites (in water/food)

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60
Q

How is cytauxzoonosis spread

A

R. sanguineus

Amblioma

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61
Q

What % of sick cats are suspected to be infected with FeLV

A

38% of sick cats

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62
Q

tenesmus

A

straining

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63
Q

How soon after exposure do clinical signs of rabies appear

A

3-8 weeks

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64
Q

What immune response generates the dry form of FIP

A

a moderate humoral immune responce

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65
Q

What hypersensitivity is IgE mediated

A

Type 1- immediate

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66
Q

Treatment for Giardia

A

Fenbendazole (Panicure)

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67
Q

How often should chlamys Phila and bordetella vaccines be boosted in cats

A

annual

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68
Q

How long is the toxo enteroepithelial cycle

A

3-10 days

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69
Q

Urticaria

A

hives

70
Q

Pathogenesis of Blue Eye

A

CAV1 or 2 antibody/antigen complexes accumulating in the anterior uvea. Related to passive immunity

71
Q

A albumin:globulin ratio of less than one is suggestive of FeCoV

A

True- (0.45-0.8) due to high globulin count

72
Q

What is trismous

A

Lock Jaw

73
Q

How long is the prepatent period for giardia in dog and cat

A

Prepatent period of giardia

Dog: 5-16 days

Cat: 4-12 days

74
Q

For which vaccines are there simple in-house serology tests

A

CDV

CPV-2

CAV

75
Q

How is bortatella vaccine given

A

Intranasally or SQ

76
Q
A
77
Q

T/F most cats get the peracute form of Feline Parvovirus and die within 12 hours

A

False many cats are subclinical and those which are clinical are usually acute

78
Q

What is polyradiculoneuritis also called

A

Coonhound paralysis

79
Q

What are the phases of FIV infection

A

Acute

Asymptomatic

Terminal

80
Q

aldosterone is what class of hormone

A

mineralcorticioid

81
Q

What agent is responsible for most clinical syndromes in felines

A

FeLV- feline leukemia virus

82
Q

A cat with a IFA titer of 1:40 is not shedding the virus

A

False, at titer of 1:40-1:80 suggests a shedder

83
Q

T/F

Vaccinated cats produce antibodies, an ELISA test can be
performed to differentiate FIV vaccinated from FIV cats

A

True

84
Q

What is another name for FIP

A

feline infectious peritonitis- FeCoV

85
Q

Akitas are predisposed to adverse reactions to what vaccine

A

CAV-1 or 2

86
Q

What agent causes FIP

A

Feline coronavirus that mutates into a virulent form

87
Q

To determine if a cat has a progressive of regressive FeLV infection what test should be requested.

A

a FeLV-p27 GAG antigen six weeks after initial diagnosis. If the test is positive, the cat has a progressive infection, if negative it has a regressive infection

88
Q

Type 2 coronavirus is unique to cats and causes most FIP

A

False, Type 2 is a combination of feline and canine coronavirus. It can cause FIP, but type 1 is more common

89
Q

A cat is ELISA FeLV‐p27 antigen positive, fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy how can you differentiate between regressive and progressive infection

A

retest for antigen in 6 weeks. If regressive, the test will be p27 antigen negative

90
Q

what antigen is in the lyme vaccine

A

Osp- Killed vaccine

91
Q

The virus is contained before or shortly after bone marrow infection, what kind of FeLV

A

Regressive infection

92
Q

The clinical signs of non effusive FIP (FeCoV) are vague, except for what lesions

A

Intraocular lesions

93
Q

The cats have an effective immune response, what kind of FeLV do they get

A

Regressive infection

94
Q

Intranasal FeCoV vaccination should be administered in cases where cats have been exposed to a positive animal

A

False- vaccine does not work in a cat incubating the disease. Antibody testing is essential before vaccination

95
Q

What cytokines do FeCoV infected monocytes release

A

IL-6: liver releases a-1 glycoprotein TNF-a: inflammatory IL-1: activates B & T cells, fever MMP-9: breaks down extracellular matrix

96
Q

What form of Toxo is found in oocysts

A

Sporozoites

97
Q

What is a common cause for cerebral hypoplasia in kittens

A

Feline panleukopenia (Feline parvo)

98
Q

what dies the glomerulosa of the adrenal gland produce

A

mineralcorticoicoids

99
Q

Feline coronavirus is shed in feces beginning at 2 days post infection

A

true, most cats are shedders but clear virus in 2-3 months

100
Q

How is FIV spread

A

Parenteral inoculation of virus in saliva or blood. Bites or
fights/ wounds

101
Q

FeLV is spread vertically but is not pathogenic. Why then, does vertical transmission matter?

A

Vertically acquired FeLV increases the pathogenicity of FeLV-A

102
Q

In what hypersensitivity is IgG or IgM involved

A

Type 2

103
Q

T/F

FeLv can be spread vertically

A

True- transplacentally or through nursing

104
Q

What is the actively multiplying stage of toxo

A

tachyzoites

105
Q

What is the major cause of disease in FeCoV

A

immune mediated vasculitis

106
Q

T/F

Babesia Vogeli is the least pathogenic and most common in North America

A

True, but 50% of pits have gibsoni

107
Q

Gold standard diagnosis for FeCoV

A

histopathology showing vasculitis of intestine

108
Q

By what mechanism is FeLV spread

A

Horizontal, Vertically (increases the pathogenicity of FeLVC-A, but not pathogenic itself)

109
Q

Small Bowel diarrhea presents as

A

High Volume

Low frequency

110
Q

What causes feline panleukopenia

A

feline parvo virus

111
Q

How do you treat Feline Parvo (panleukopenia)

A

symptomatic:

preemptive broad spectrum antibiotics

IFN w

Food

Kaolin pectin and bismuth subsilicate

112
Q

What protozoal causes multifocal CNS signs

A

Neospora cranium

113
Q

How does the FIP vaccine work

A

stimulates the cell-mediated immune response through antibody production

114
Q

How is Trichomoniasis treated

A

Ronidasole

115
Q

You perform a fecal and find this.

A

Coccidia

116
Q

Like in dogs, canine parvovirus can cause severe disease in cats

A

False, mild disease

117
Q

what immune response is responsible for wet FIP

A

A strong humoral response causes immune mediated vasculitis

118
Q

Treatemnt for neosporum caninum

A

TMS- causes dry eye

Clindamysin

119
Q

Which hypersensitivity is cell mediated

A

Type 4- delayed hypersensitivity by T-cells

120
Q
A
121
Q

When should maternal FIV antibodies clear from kitten

A

After 6 months of age

122
Q

These cats never get the virus, high levels of neutralizing antibodies in circulation

A

Abortive infection

123
Q

What vaccine is associated with cerebellar dysplasia

A

Canine and Feline Parvo

124
Q

What intraocular lesions are suggestive of coronavirus in a cat

A

Iritis- color change of irus Aqueous flare- anterior chamber cloudiness Keratic precipitates Retinal hemorage/detachemnt

125
Q

What is responsible for the leakiness of blood vessels in FeCoV positive cats

A

MMP-9 (metalloproteinase) breaks extracellular matrix proteins

126
Q

Type 1 feline corona virus is unique to cats.

A

True, most FIP is caused by this serotype

127
Q

What is the diagnostic test for coccideosis

A

Fecal Float

128
Q

How do you treat FIP

A

steroids and good nutrition. they still die

129
Q

What is a major side-effect of TMS

A

Dry Eye

130
Q

What is serum sickness

A

serum sickness is a

Type 3 hypersensitivity- antigen/antibody complexes

131
Q

T/F

If a cat’s Immune system is not strong enough to get rid of the FeLV infection it should not be bred because the babies will not be born alive

A

False- the cats with abortive infections are genetically protected, have high antibody protection and destroy the virus.

132
Q

According to WSAVA guidelines, how often should core vaccines be given

A

Beginning at 6-8 weeks of age, every 2-4 weeks until 16 weeks old.

REvacinate at 6-12 months

Booster every 3 years

133
Q

T/F

A regressive FeLV infection will be cleared and you will not be able to detect by PCR

A

False- the genome is incorporated into the cat DNA and can be detected by PCR

134
Q

What are the phases of Rabies in order

A

Prodromal 2-3 days

Furious 1-7 days

Paralytic 1-10 days

135
Q

Dog and Cat Global core vaccines

A

DOG:

CDV, CPV, CAV

CAT:

FPV, FHV-1, FCV

BOTH:

Rabies where endemic

136
Q

which disease is intranasal vaccination in cats

A

FeCoV

137
Q

another term for lock jaw

A

trismous

138
Q

What stage of toxo is excreted in the feces of cats

A

sporozoites in oocysts

139
Q

What disease accounts for the most disease-related deaths in pet cats

A

FeLV- feline leukemia virus

140
Q

what antigen is in the FeLv vaccine. pfizer and leukotren

A

GAG protein -pfizer

gp70 -leukotren

141
Q

What vaccine reaction is especially noted in Weimaraners

A

Vaccine-associated hypertrophic osteodystrophy from Canine Distemper vaccine

142
Q

What is the significance of the P27 GAG protein

A

The P27 GAG protein is the antigen used to diagnose FeLV

143
Q

Whiule conducting a CBC on a sick dog, you find this in a neutrophil

A

Hepatozoonosis

144
Q

Cerebellar dysplasia following a Parvo Virus vaccine is an example of what hypersensitivity

A

Type 4- delayed T-cell mediated

145
Q

another word for straining

A

tenesmus

146
Q

How is FeCoV vaccine given

A

Intranasal

147
Q
A
148
Q

What is the predominant method of transmission for FeLV

A

Horizontally via saliva from licking

149
Q

What is the primary antiviral used to treat FIV infections

A

AZT - zidovudine

150
Q

Nearly all cats that get infected with feline coronavirus will become ill and eventually die

A

False, most do not develop FIP

151
Q

T/F

Crypto is small bowel diarrhea

A

True

Crypto coat the microvilli of small bowel

152
Q

How do cats get Feline coronavirus

A

direct contact with feces

153
Q

What kind of vaccine is linked to type 2 hypersensitivity (IMHA)

A

Polyvalent

154
Q

What protozoal is considered a neonate pathogen

A

coccidiosis

155
Q

A new vaccine is available with FIV subtype A and D, what type of immunity does it produce

A

Cellular and humoral

156
Q

A protozoal infection cats can get is Toxoplasma gondii– what is the definitive host

A

The cat is the definitive host

157
Q

which 2 vaccines use ttansdermal route?

A

melinoma and FeLV

158
Q

What cells does FIV predominantly infect during early infection

A

Lymphocytes and Plasma cells

159
Q

How long after passed in feces until toxo is infectious

A

1-5 days

160
Q

T/F

Trichomoniasis is more common with indoor cats

A

True, due to shared litter box

161
Q

where in the adrenal gland is corticol steroid produced

A

fasiculata of the adrenal gland- middle layer

162
Q

Treatment for Hepatozoonosis

A

TMS

Clindamycin

decoquinate- good for long term treatemnt

163
Q

Allergic facial swelling is called what

A

Angioedema

164
Q

How do you prevent Feline panleukopenia (FPV)

A

Passive immunotherapy

Vaccinate after maternal antibodies

165
Q

Some clients are vaccine sensitive. For the purpose of testing for vaccination antibodies, which vaccines are coverd by IgA

A

IgA – bordetellosis, canine coronavirus enteritis, FCV, FHV‐1

166
Q

Angioedema

A

Facial swelling

167
Q

What stage of FIV infection will enteritis, respiratory tract disease, stomatitis and dermatitis be seen

A

Acute phase

168
Q

What kind of infection does a cat get if the immune system is not strong enough to get rid of the virus

A

Progressive

169
Q

what stage of toxo is found in tissue cysts

A

bradyzoites

170
Q

What liver protein is suggestive of FIP

A

AGP (Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein)

171
Q

What is another name for FeCoV

A

FIP- Feline infectious peritonitis

SAM_1 (6 decks)

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