Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

How did the client hear about your firm?

A

Online presence – the client wrote to a number of local firms and invited to tender for the work.

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2
Q

How did you undertaken your conflict of interest check?

A

Impey kept a database of clients currently/recently being advised. I also advised other colleagues of the client to confirm they had no dealings/interest.

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3
Q

Were you competent to undertake the instruction? Why?

A

Yes – I had handled a number of agency transactions prior and had supervision.

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4
Q

What is a long leasehold interest?

A

Ownership of property under a lease (125 years initially). Tenant can operate property how they like within the covenants of the lease and statute (planning etc). Ground rent sometimes payable and other sums (s/c). Wasting asset – value decreases (and FH premium likely increases) as lease runs down.

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5
Q

What was in your Terms of Engagement? Why are these important?

A

Identification of parties, identification of property, agency definition, scope of work (inc. exclusions), itemisation of fees, payment triggers, request for AML documentation, reference to CHP.

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6
Q

What is joint agency? What are other types of agency?

A

Joint agency on a sole agency basis: “You will be liable to pay remuneration to us, in addition to any other costs or charges agreed, if at any time unconditional contracts for the sale of the property are exchanged:
• with a purchaser introduced by us during the period of our sole agency, or with whom we had negotiations about the property during that period
or
• with a purchaser introduced by another agent during that period.”

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7
Q

Why is joint agency used?

A

Provides a wider marketing campaign - potentially access to more contacts.

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8
Q

What is client due diligence?

A

Required under AML 5TH Directive and RICS PS Countering Bribery (etc) – verify client identity prior to instruction. Certified proof of ID and address; run AML check via Veriphy.

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9
Q

What is money laundering?

A

The recycling/cleaning of funds obtained through criminal means.

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10
Q

What does the RICS PS Countering Bribery & Corruption (etc) say?

A

Mandatory obligations and best practice dealing with bribery, AML and terrorist financing. Stringent ID checks required of all clients. Members to not facilitate ML activity and to report suspicions to authorities. Sits alongside EU 5th AML Directive and Money Laundering Regulations 2019.

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11
Q

Why did you undertake a H&S risk assessment?

A

To understand the hazards that might be present on site and the risk (likelihood of hazards causing harm) and prepare adequately.

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12
Q

What is a H&S risk assessment?

A

Assesses hazards likely on site and likelihood of those hazards causing harm. Identifies method of eradicating/minimising risk.

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13
Q

What were the risks?

A

Moving vehicles as a working site, trip hazards. Lone working policy required for all appointments.

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14
Q

Why did you decide to wear a hi-vis? What else could you have considered?

A

Inspecting when no vehicles on site (out of hours = less daylight and therefore less thorough inspection.

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15
Q

What is a title register?

A

Document showing who owns land, what interest and any restrictions (ground lease etc).

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16
Q

What is the Land Registry?

A

Non ministerial department who register the ownership of land and property.

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17
Q

What was the use of the premises?

A

B8 – storage and distribution.

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18
Q

What other uses could have been obtained without planning permission?

A

Nothing – over 500m2.

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19
Q

Why did you inspect in the order you did?

A

Logical and thorough methodology – helps ensure nothing is forgotten (force of habit).

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20
Q

Was the location good for the use of the property?

A

Yes – workforce; no – motorway network far away, poor roads (B8 use).

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21
Q

What constitutes a good location for industrial property?

A

Combination of good road access and workforce.

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22
Q

How old was the property?

A

Client informed early 1970s. No headers so cavity wall. Internal course brickwork rather than block.

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23
Q

Are full height brick elevations normal?

A

Not in modern construction – c.2m brick/block then plastic coated profile cladding.

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24
Q

Was the brick solid or did it have a cavity? How can you tell?

A

Cavity – no headers.

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25
Q

What is a portal frame?

A

Steel columns supporting double pitched roof.

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26
Q

What legislation governs asbestos?

A

Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012.

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27
Q

What does RICS Property Measurement (2nd Ed) say about industrial?

A

Not incorporated into IPMS so Code of Measuring Practice 6th Ed. Measure to GIA (measured to internal face of perimeter wall at each level)

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28
Q

What is a mezzanine?

A

Intermediate/partial storey, usually open at one or more sides.

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29
Q

Was the office/amenity block an appropriate proportion to the warehouse?

A

Higher than normal (institutional spec c.10%) but not so high that demand/value affected.

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30
Q

Is 59% a usual site density?

A

Higher than normal today (poss due to larger vehicles today so more turning required?) but again not so much so that value adversely affected. Contrast with Wimpory Street.

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31
Q

Why is warehouse height important?

A

Size of machinery or racking. Use of vertical space/cubic content

32
Q

How did the property differ from modern / institutional specification?

A

Similarities: three phase, loading door, portal frame, presence of roof lights. Differences: office content, site cover, roof material, eaves.

33
Q

Why is having a roller shutter important for industrial property?

A

Vehicular internal access – goods in/out, loading (forklift etc)

34
Q

If the client hadn’t explicitly asked that the leasehold interest was disclosed, what would you have done?

A

Still disclosed anyway – would have been a misleading omission under Consumer Protection Regs 2008.

35
Q

What is a normal lease length?

A

In the vicinity 125 years from 70s/80s.

36
Q

What is a peppercorn rent?

A

Sometimes literal peppercorn, nothing in practice.

37
Q

Who was the freeholder?

A

Nestron Limited

38
Q

What were the lease covenants?

A

To pay rent, to pay s/c, to comply with statute, L provide quiet enjoyment.

39
Q

What is a premium?

A

Capital payment, eg for the grant of a longer lease.

40
Q

What are the benefits and drawbacks of a leasehold interest?

A

Benefits – sometimes cheaper than freehold? Drawbacks – can be harder to sell, wasting asset, obligations and payments under a lease.

41
Q

How does the value of the interest change during the lease?

A

Decreasing value as the lease gets shorter (+ FH premium goes up).

42
Q

Why did you not adopt another method of valuation?

A

Could have looked at market rent and capitalised, but all of the comps were with VP which was how Unit 12 was to be sold. Would likely appeal to owner occupier too rather than an investor with a void

43
Q

What makes a property comparable?

A

Similarities – type, location, size, condition, specification

44
Q

What is market value?

A

Red Book VPS – the expected price that a property would exchange on a given date between willing parties at arms length after proper marketing when all parties have acted knowledgeably, prudently and without compulsion

45
Q

How did you analyse your comparables?

A

Dresser Centre - not completed so treat with caution. Gorton Road, Openshaw - worse due to ground rent liability, height restriction (offices were FF). Victory Park - sold below MV. Likely MV £60-65psf due to main road frontage. Our property had poor access so applied £55psf, discounted by 5% due to LLH.

46
Q

What is the principle of quantum?

A

Larger properties will generally command less £psf whereas smaller properties will generally command more £psf

47
Q

What is private treaty?

A

Private treaty is selling the property without any defined timescales and with confidential negotiations.

48
Q

What are the benefits of private treaty?

A

Very flexible - parties can control the process. Also confidential, and no obligation to sell.

49
Q

How does a client at auction have control over offers?

A

Can set a reserve (no more than 10% above guide) but highest offer above that sells.

50
Q

What legislation did you consider when drafting marketing particulars?

A

CPR/BPR (no misleading omissions), Misrepresentation Act 1967 (no false/fradulent claims, with disclaimer)

51
Q

What would be considered ‘proper marketing’ for this asset?

A

Exposure to online portals, marketing signage. Period of c.1-3 months.

52
Q

What legislation governs marketing signage? What can/can’t you do?

A

Town & County Planning (Control of Advertisements) Act 2007. Flat board 2m, V board 2.3m. One board per building. Projection max 1m.

53
Q

What legislation do you consider in relation to your mailing lists?

A

GDPR - all parties must have opted in.

54
Q

Why did the first sale fall through?

A
  • service charge query. Not demanded for duration of client ownership, lease says that more than 6 years cannot be charged. Our client agreed to hold 6 year’s worth in solicitor account for 6 years to protect buyer but they withdrew.
55
Q

Why did the second sale stall?

A

Party went quiet - cartering firm, likely due to Covid.

56
Q

Why did you look for new comparable evidence?

A

Heard about adjacent unit; also market moves very quickly

57
Q

What is a periodic tenancy?

A

Tenancy which continues from one period to the next until terminated. Possible adverse possession issue?

58
Q

What did party 1 want to use the premises for?

A

Storage of work equipment.

59
Q

What did party 2 want to use the premises for?

A

Storage of dried foods.

60
Q

What did party 3 want to use the premises for?

A

3PL (Amazon wholesaler)

61
Q

What did party 4 want to use the premises for?

A

Catering firm so storage and preparation of foods.

62
Q

Why did you not go to informal tender?

A

One client driver was timing; party 3 wanted discussions with FHer and party 4 had proved unreliable. Party 1 could only offer £310,000 and Party 2 stated they would not go higher than £331,000, which client agreed to.

63
Q

Why did you report to the client in writing?

A

EAA 1979 and RICS PS.

64
Q

What information did you need for each proposed purchaser in order to effectively report to your client?

A

Name, funding, timing, use, solicitor’s details, conditions

65
Q

What does subject to contract mean?

A

Not intended to enter a binding contract yet.

66
Q

What is companies house?

A

Registers company information and makes available to the public.

67
Q

What was the source of the funds?

A

Cash funds from savings

68
Q

How did your communication methodology change in light of the unresponsive solicitor?

A

Made clear to the proposed buyer that we would go back to the market/other parties if solicitor did not communicate, also told solicitor this.

69
Q

How did you carry out the CDD check? What information is covered?

A

Proof of ID and address (certified), run through Veriphy.

70
Q

What was included in your memorandum of sale?

A

Parties, their advisors, property, tenure, price, funding, conditions, timing.

71
Q

Could there have been a reason that the solicitor was unresponsive?

A

Covid, but no out of office, secretary, auto email reply etc.

72
Q

What are searches?

A

Certain information requested by solicitor and often provided by Local Authority. Include flooding, planning and HS2.

73
Q

What else is involved in the legal process?

A

Contract, CPSE, freeholder’s consent (only required for sub-letting)

74
Q

Why would you not give access prior to completion?

A

Proposed buyer had no right to use property; seller could not control without lease/licence in place. This would have taken more time.

75
Q

What is a licence? What could you have used instead?

A

Tenancy at will. Licence gives permission to do something that might be trespass otherwise. Would have required LFA as proposed buyer wanted to start fitting out.

76
Q

Which of the RICS Rules & Global Ethical Standards have you complied with and where?

A

Ethical behaviour, competence, service, solvency.

77
Q

What legislation have you complied with and where?

A

EAA 1979, Misrep 1967, CPR 2008.