Case 20 Questions Flashcards
Which lipoprotein is produced by the exogenous lipoprotein pathway
Chylomicrons
Which is the largest and smallest lipoprotein
Largest- Chylomicrons
Smallest- HDL
Which lipoprotein removes surplus cholesterol from the periphery and transports it to the liver for disposal
HDL
Which lipoprotein transports dietary fat and cholesterol from the intestine
Chylomicrons
Name the components of a lipoprotein
Phospholipid, Cholesterol ester, Apolipoprotein, Triglycerides
A women has a blockage in her middle cerebral artery, where does the emboli originate from
The left atrium
Epitaxis management
1) First aid
2) Sit up
3) Pinch soft part of the nose
4) Ice packs
5) Pulse and BP
6) Venous access ->FBC, G+S
7) Resuscitate
Causes of Turbinate hypertrophy- swollen concahe
1) Allergy- skin prick test, RAST
2) Non-allergic
3) Vascular- curry, cold morning
4) Structural- air filled middle turbinate, concha bullosa
Causes of Anosmia- complete loss of smell
1) Congenital- isolated, kallmann syndrome
2) Injury
3) Viral
4) Tumours
5) Biochemical i.e. drugs, hormones’
6) Neurodegenerative disorders
7) Structural poylps
Nasal and skull base fracture
Causes- fighting, football Exclude major facial injury through le fort classification X ray- waste of time Manipulate bones before they set CT only for head injury criteria
Main function of the golgi tendon organ
Measure tension
Symptoms of a stroke which affects a branch of the anterior cerebral artery supplying pre and post central gyrus
Upper motor neurone signs affecting the lower limb, no sensation from lower limbs
Symptoms of a spinal cord stroke that damages the dorsal column at T6
No touch sensation from lower limbs bilaterally, pain sensation intact bilaterally
Symptoms of a slipped disc crushing the dorsal root on the left side at C7
Reduced touch, pain and temperature sensation on the back of hand and arm on the left side
Symptoms of a slipped disc crushing spinal nerves on the left side at C7
Reduced touch, pain and temperature on the back of hand and arm on the left side. Similar muscle weakness
Symptoms of a slipped disc crushing spinal nerves on the left side at C7
Reduced touch, pain and temperature on the back of hand and arm on the left side. Similar muscle weakness
Symptoms of a fluid filled cyst expanding in the spinal canal and pressing on the surrounding tissues
No pain sensation bilaterally at the level of damage. Fine touch sensation intact
Symptoms of a stroke damaging blood supply to the pyramids of the medulla
Paralysis/Paresis of muscles from the neck down
What nerve is at the cerebello-pontine angle
Facial nerve
What artery is on the lateral surface of the frontal and parietal lobe
Middle cerebral artery- supplies Broca’s area (lateral surface of the frontal lobe), parietal and part of the temporal lobe
What is the most appropriate initial management for a stroke
CT head
What brainstem nucleus does the carotid sinus afferent synapse with
The Solitary nucleus
What cell type gives rise to parallel fibres within the cerebellar cortex
Granule cell
The function of corticospinal fibres which allow unopposed contraction of flexor muscles
Excite the alpha and gamma motor neurones supplying the flexor muscle and inhibits the corresponding extensor alpha motor neurone
The main function of vWF
It binds platelets to the subendothelium
The region of the brainstem where the pyramids decussate
Caudal medulla
Where in the nasal cavity do the maxillary sinuses drain into
The middle meatus via the hiatus semilunaris
The spinal component of the reciprocal inhibitory pathway
Ia inhibitory interneurone
Secondary prevention for a stroke
Antiplatelet therapy
What type of haemorrhage causes a convex lens
Extradural haemorrhage
ACBD2 tool
To complete this tool one needs to know:
the patient’s age, the patient’s blood pressure, the clinical features the duration of their symptoms the presence or absence of diabetes.
The major biochemical effect of statine
Decrease LDL
What fibre type allows communication between the Olive and the cerebellar cortex
Climbing fibres
