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MSK Test II > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Mature cartilage cells in lacunae

- Maintain matrix

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2
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cells that secrete cartilage matrix

Mitotic capabilities

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3
Q

What is the ground substance of cartilage composed up?

What are the 4 types?

A

Proteoglycans

  • Hyaluronic acid
  • Chondroitin sulfate
  • Keratin sulfate
  • Aggrecan
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4
Q

Where is Type I collagen present in cartilage matrix?

A
  • Fibrocartilage, outer perichondrium
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5
Q

What are the three types of cartilage? What type of fiber does each contain?

A
  1. Hyaline: Type II Collagen
  2. Elastic: Type II Collagen
  3. Fibrocartilage: Type I Collagen
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6
Q

Where is Hyalin cartilage found?

A 
Articular cartilage
larynx
trachea
ribs
embryonic development
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7
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

External ear
Epiglottis
Auditory Tube

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8
Q

Where is Fibrocartilage found?

A

Intervertebral discs
Pubic Symphysis
TMJ

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9
Q

What kind of cartilage lacks a perichondrium?

A
  • Fibrocartilage

- Articular cartilages

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10
Q

What is the territorial matrix composed of?

A

Randomly arranged Type II collagen

  • High GAGs
  • Decreased collagen

(Moderate staining)

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11
Q

What is interterritorial matrix composed of?

A
  • Surrounds territorial matrix
  • Mostly collagen II, fewer proteoglycans

(Less intensely staining)

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12
Q

Characteristics of the perichondrium?

A

Dense, irregular CT

Contains vascular supply

Hyalin + elastic cartilage only

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13
Q

What is the source of new cartilage cells?

A

Perichondrium

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14
Q

What is the fibrous layer of the Perichondrium?

A

Outer layer that produces Type I collagen and elastin

Transitional zone

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15
Q

What is the chondrogenic later of the perichondrium?

A

Inner layer that differentiates into chondroblasts

- Secretes type II collagen

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16
Q

What is elastic cartilage composed of?

What is its function?

A

Hyalin cartilage + elastic fibers within the matrix

Recoil/ Rebound, retains shape after deformation

Surrounded by perichondrium

17
Q

What is fibrocartilage composed of?

A

Hyaline cartilage + dense regular CT

  • Type I + Type II collagen
  • Less cartilage matrix
  • Lacks perichondrium
18
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

Withstand compression and shearing forces

19
Q

What are the steps of appositional growth of cartilage?

A

Forms new cartilage on the surface of existing cartilage

  1. Growth is initiated
  2. Cells —> chondroblasts
  3. Secrete type II collagen and ground substance
20
Q

What are the steps of interstitial growth of cartilage?

A

Takes place within a cartilage mass

  • Chondrocytes divide within lacunae, create new isogenous groups
  • Secrete more matrix
  • Limited by avascular nature
21
Q

When is repair cartilage formed?

A

When perichondrium is involved

  • stimulates bone growth
  • facilitates healing bone fracture
  • repair is age dependent
22
Q

What type of cartilage is found in articular cartilage?

What are the functions of articular cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage

2. Reduce friction, avascular, nourished by synovial fluid

23
Q

What type of tissue makes up the articular capsule?

A

Dense regular CT

  • Responsible for strengthening the joint
24
Q

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments? (Articular capsule)

A

Extrinsic = separate from capsule

Intrinsic = part of the fibrous capsule

25
Q

What is the function of Type A Macrophage-like synovial cells?

What percent of the synovium lining are these type of cells?

A

Phagocytosis (contains lysosomes)

25% of cells lining the synovium

26
Q

Type B Fibroblast-like synovial cells

A
  • produce synovial fluid
  • produce hyaluronate that combines with synovial fluid

Lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage

27
Q

What are the different layers of articular cartilage?

What are the characteristics of cells in each of these layers?

A
  1. Superficial: small, flattened chondrocytes parallel to the surface
  2. Intermediate (transitional): slightly rounder, larger chondrocytes in isogenous groups or alone
  3. Deep (radial): Large condrocytes in radial columns, perpendicular to the articulated surface
  4. Calcified: on the underlying cortex of bone
28
Q

What are the clinical characteristics of Osteoarthritis?

A

Chronic joint pain, various degrees of joint deformity + destruction of articular cartilage

29
Q

What happens in the early stages of osteoarthritis?

A

Superficial layer of articular cartilage is disrupted

30
Q

What happens in the late stages of osteoarthritis?

A

Destruction of the cartilage extends to the bone, exposed subchondral bone becomes new articular surface

MSK Test II (11 decks)

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