Carpal Bones

Question 1

Distal end of radius articulates with which 2 carpal bones?

Answer 1

1. Scaphoid
2. Lunate

Question 2

Wrist joint is a type of?

Answer 2

Condyloid synovial joint between radius and scaphoid + lunate

Question 3

Scpahoid is on which side?

Answer 3

Lateral (towards thumb)

Question 4

Trapezium is on which side?

Answer 4

Lateral (towards thumb)
Below scaphoid

Question 5

The biggest bone in hand?

Answer 5

Capitate

Question 6

Why is it called hamate?

Answer 6

Because has a hook (hamus in latin)

Question 7

How many phalanges in thumb?

Answer 7

Only proximal and distal phalanges while all other fingers have proximal, middle and distal

Question 8

Joints between
1.Carpals and metacarpal?
2.Metacarpal and phalanges?
3.Between phalanges?

Answer 8

1.Carpometacarpal joint
2.Metacarpophalangeal joint
3. Interphalangeal joint (proximal and distal)

Question 9

Joint between the 1st metacarpal and the proximal phalanx of thumb?

Answer 9

Saddle joint

Question 10

In rheumatoid arthritis which joints are affected?

Answer 10

1. Metacarpophalnageal (MCP)
2. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP)

Question 11

In osteoarthritis which joints are affected?

Answer 11

Distal Interphalangeal joints (DIP)

Question 12

A fall on the outstretched hand damages which carpal bone? And why? And what happens?

Answer 12

Scaphoid bone because its blood supply enters is distally so the proximal fragment can die in avascular necrosis

Question 13

What is avascular necrosis?

Answer 13

Avascular necrosis is a condition where bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply.

Question 14

Where is the radial artery?

Answer 14

On the lateral side of wrist just under the thumb

Question 15

Radius and ulna are on which side?

Answer 15

Radius- lateral
Ulna- medial

Question 16

Middle phalanx is absent in?

Answer 16

Thumb

Question 17

Which part of scaphoid can be felt?

Answer 17

Scaphoid tubercle

Question 18

What is flexor retinaculum?

Answer 18

The flexor retinaculum is a band of connective tissue that runs across the front of the wrist and helps to hold the tendons of the hand and wrist in place.

Question 19

What structure runs over flexor retinaculum?

Answer 19

Tendon of palmaris longus

Question 20

Tendon of palmaris longus originates from? What is it function? What is it innervated by?

Answer 20

-Medial epicondyl
-flexion of wrist
-by Median nerve

Question 21

Flexor retinaculum is also called?

Answer 21

Carpal ligament

Question 22

Name the structures that run under flexor retinaculum?

Answer 22

1. Median nerve
2. Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
3. Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
   4.Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 23

Median nerve is sensory and motor for which fingers of hands?

Answer 23

Middle, Index and Thumb

Question 24

What is carpal Tunnel syndrome?

Answer 24

Compression of Median Nerve at flexor retinaculum causing numbness, parasthesia, pain of median nerve distribution

Question 25

What structures make up carpal tunnel?

Answer 25

Carpal bones on the bottom and sides, and a ligament on the top called the transverse carpal ligament **(flexor retinaculum)**. The median nerve and tendons that control the fingers pass through this narrow passageway.

Question 26

The branches of tendon of palmaris longus form?

Answer 26

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 27

Difference between aponeurosis and tendon?

Answer 27

The main difference between tendons and aponeuroses is that **tendons are cord-like** and round, while **aponeuroses** are broad and **flat sheet-like tendon**.

Question 28

What is Dupytren's Contracture?

Answer 28

Dupuytren's contracture is a condition that causes the fingers (little and ring) to be pulled towards the palm and being unable to straighten due to thickening and tightening of the connective tissue in the palm of the hand. Proximal and middle phalanx flex Distal is unaffected

Question 29

Flexor digitorium superficialis attach to which phalanx?

Answer 29

Middle phalanx

Question 30

Flexor digitorum profundus attach to which phalanx?

Answer 30

Runs deep (below) to flexor digitorum superficialis and attaches to **distal** phalanx

Question 31

What kind of bone is pisiform?

Answer 31

A sesamoid bone - formed within the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 32

What's a sesamoid bone?

Answer 32

A sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that is embedded within a tendon or muscle, typically found in areas of the body where tendons are subjected to a lot of pressure or friction, such as the hands **(pisiform)** (base of thumb- within tendon of flexor pollicis brevis) , feet, and knees **(patella)**

Question 33

Wrist joint is also called?

Answer 33

Radiocarpal joint

Question 34

Most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Answer 34

Scaphoid

Question 35

What is the characterisitic clinical feature of scaphoid fracture?

Answer 35

Pain and tenderness in **anatomical snuff box** Leads to **avascular necrosis**

Question 36

Which artery supplies scaphoid?

Answer 36

The scaphoid bone is primarily supplied by branches of the **radial artery**, which enter the bone at its **distal end**.

Question 37

What is anatomical snuff box?

Answer 37

Triangular depression on **lateral** side of wrist **Lateral** border by Tendon of: 1. Abductor pollicis longus 2. Extensor pollicis **brevis** **Medial** border by 3. Extensor pollicis **longus** .

Question 38

Which artery passes through anatomical snuff box?

Answer 38

**Radial artery** Can be palpated

Question 39

Scaphoid bone is also called?

Answer 39

Navicular bone

Question 40

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 40

Conveys Into the hand: 1. Median nerve 2. Flexor tendons

Question 41

When does capitate negin to ossify? And when do others?

Answer 41

- Capitate during **1st year** - Others untill **12th year** when all the bones are ossified

Question 42

Trapezium forms which joint with 1st metacarpal bone?

Answer 42

A saddle joint - allowing great mobility of thumb

Question 43

Attachment point for flexor retinaculum on hamate?

Answer 43

Hook of hamate

Question 44

In dislocation of lunate bone, which nerve is commonly involved?

Answer 44

Median