Carp Flashcards
eurythermal
live under ice and up to 34*C
name the 5 varieties of carp
Scale carp - completely scaled MIrror carp - few large deformed scales line carp - deformed scales on lat line and dorsal ridge leather carp - few if any scales koi - ornamental
which carp was the original?
which carp is the fastest growing?
- scale carp
- mirror carp
how big can they get in the first year?
from hatch to 1.5kg
pond reared up to what size in 2-3 years?
1.5kg
when do males mature? females?
males: 2 years.
females: 3 years
pond culture
what does carp feed consist of?
aquatic inverts, crustaceans, snails, insects, annelids, some plants.
-consume sediment and filter food and expel large amounts of sediment.
what type of water do they like to live in?
very turbid water.
Polyculture carp originated where? what were they grown in?
China
grown in manured ponds. creates many trophic niches.
Name the 4 carp of POLYCULTURE
Silver carp
Roho
Big head
Grass
what do silver carp eat? what size do they get to?
feed on phytoplankton, microzooplankton. up to 2kg in 2 years, up to 50kg total
what do Roho feed on? growth?
bottom feeders. decaying vegetation and grass carp feces. up to 3kg in 2 years
what do big head carp feed on? growth?
eat microzooplankton, 3kg in 2 years
what do grass carp feed on? growth?
eat macrophytes, used to clear waterways.
1/2 plants become feces and roho food. 2-2.5kg/2years
For common broodstock, what does asia and europe prefer for size?
A: small brood. 2-5kg range
E: large brood. 10-12kg range
where is common brood taken from?
ponds and held in brood ponds w a drainable water source. sexes separated at maturity
Describe how to sex carp.
must be mature;
males: thinner, pecs larger, first ray thickened, nuptial tubercles, median ridge in front.
females: fatter, smaller pecs, no ray thickening, no nuptial tubercles, vent area red to pink.
what is the difference between spawning times in tropics and temperate regions?
tropics have 2 spawns/year in spring and late summer.
temperate have spring and early summer spawns, triggered by elevated temp and flooded veg.
is female ovulation timing critical?
nope
what hormone would you use to induce carp?
Carp pits.
how are three ways to preserve carp pits taken from surplus brood?
Ethanol preservation, Acetone dried, Lyophilized (frozen, then freeze-dried)
which method of carp pit preservation lasts the longest?
lyophilized pits, 4+ years
how many injections of carp pits to female? male?
female, 2 injections. male, 1.
name the three spawning methods.
1: kakaban
2: Dubish ponds
3: hand stripping
what is Kakaban method?
Asian
- males and females kept separate
- spawning ponds, small, long and narrow
- 25-30m^2. kept dry until spawning
- rafts of kakabas added to pond
- 2 males 1 female, 3kg fish/m^2
- females 2x bigger
- spawning in 24-48 hours
- kakaban rafts put in nursery pond
- 15,000 larvae/kg females
what is Dubish method?
European
- small 50-100m^2 ponds
- seeded with grass and flooded at spawning
- adults added 2 males/female
- 1 brood fish/m^2 area
- fry hatch and button up in pond
what is hand stripping method?
European
- must have ripe brood
- eggs stripped into plastic bowls and fertilized
- activation in 10L water 30g urea and 40g salt
- add remainder over 1 hour. stir
Deadhesion. method
1.5 tannic acid/L water
add eggs and solution and stir 10-15 seconds
pour off replace with 50% dilution of tanning sol
stir 10 sec
incubate in zugar jars
what do you incubate carp eggs in?
zugar jars
how long till hatch? button up?
2-6 days, T*C dependant. 2-3 days till button up
where do you transfer fry into?
nursery ponds with rotifers. or feeding starts in hatchery
what is the protein to carb ratio for fry?
50:30 protein:carbs
how often do you feed the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week?
2xwk 1st week
3xwk 2nd week
4xwk 3rd week
how large to fry get in the first 3 weeks?
2-3 cm
what artificial foods can you feed fry instead of rotifers?
APR - artificial plankton rotifer, ocean star international, golden pearus. may go from rotifers to artemia
when do you want to grade for the first time?
2 1/2- 3cm graded and stocked to growout
why is growout variable for carp?
determined by temperature, food quality and quantity. feeding up to 100% bw/d- low quality food
stocking growout depends on what 4 things?
i) size at harvest, 1-1.5kg
ii) supplementary food
iii) pond productivity
iv) management
what growing facilities are used for growouts in the following countries? Indo Japan Phillipines Germany
Indo: still ponds
Japan: still ponds
Phillipines: still ponds, running water cages
Germany: recirc.
