Carp

Question 1

eurythermal

Answer 1

live under ice and up to 34*C

Question 2

name the 5 varieties of carp

Answer 2

Scale carp  - completely scaled
MIrror carp - few large deformed scales 
line carp - deformed scales on lat line and dorsal ridge
leather carp - few if any scales
koi - ornamental

Question 3

which carp was the original?

which carp is the fastest growing?

Answer 3

• scale carp

- mirror carp

Question 4

how big can they get in the first year?

Answer 4

from hatch to 1.5kg

Question 5

pond reared up to what size in 2-3 years?

Answer 5

1.5kg

Question 6

when do males mature? females?

Answer 6

males: 2 years.
females: 3 years
pond culture

Question 7

what does carp feed consist of?

Answer 7

aquatic inverts, crustaceans, snails, insects, annelids, some plants.

-consume sediment and filter food and expel large amounts of sediment.

Question 8

what type of water do they like to live in?

Answer 8

very turbid water.

Question 9

Polyculture carp originated where? what were they grown in?

Answer 9

China

grown in manured ponds. creates many trophic niches.

Question 10

Name the 4 carp of POLYCULTURE

Answer 10

Silver carp
Roho
Big head
Grass

Question 11

what do silver carp eat? what size do they get to?

Answer 11

feed on phytoplankton, microzooplankton. up to 2kg in 2 years, up to 50kg total

Question 12

what do Roho feed on? growth?

Answer 12

bottom feeders. decaying vegetation and grass carp feces. up to 3kg in 2 years

Question 13

what do big head carp feed on? growth?

Answer 13

eat microzooplankton, 3kg in 2 years

Question 14

what do grass carp feed on? growth?

Answer 14

eat macrophytes, used to clear waterways.

1/2 plants become feces and roho food. 2-2.5kg/2years

Question 15

For common broodstock, what does asia and europe prefer for size?

Answer 15

A: small brood. 2-5kg range
E: large brood. 10-12kg range

Question 16

where is common brood taken from?

Answer 16

ponds and held in brood ponds w a drainable water source. sexes separated at maturity

Question 17

Describe how to sex carp.

Answer 17

must be mature;

males: thinner, pecs larger, first ray thickened, nuptial tubercles, median ridge in front.
females: fatter, smaller pecs, no ray thickening, no nuptial tubercles, vent area red to pink.

Question 18

what is the difference between spawning times in tropics and temperate regions?

Answer 18

tropics have 2 spawns/year in spring and late summer.

temperate have spring and early summer spawns, triggered by elevated temp and flooded veg.

Question 19

is female ovulation timing critical?

Answer 19

nope

Question 20

what hormone would you use to induce carp?

Answer 20

Carp pits.

Question 21

how are three ways to preserve carp pits taken from surplus brood?

Answer 21

Ethanol preservation, Acetone dried, Lyophilized (frozen, then freeze-dried)

Question 22

which method of carp pit preservation lasts the longest?

Answer 22

lyophilized pits, 4+ years

Question 23

how many injections of carp pits to female? male?

Answer 23

female, 2 injections. male, 1.

Question 24

name the three spawning methods.

Answer 24

1: kakaban
2: Dubish ponds
3: hand stripping

Question 25

what is Kakaban method?

Answer 25

Asian

• males and females kept separate
• spawning ponds, small, long and narrow
• 25-30m^2. kept dry until spawning
• rafts of kakabas added to pond
• 2 males 1 female, 3kg fish/m^2
• females 2x bigger
• spawning in 24-48 hours
• kakaban rafts put in nursery pond
• 15,000 larvae/kg females

Question 26

what is Dubish method?

Answer 26

European

• small 50-100m^2 ponds
• seeded with grass and flooded at spawning
• adults added 2 males/female
• 1 brood fish/m^2 area
• fry hatch and button up in pond

Question 27

what is hand stripping method?

Answer 27

European

• must have ripe brood
• eggs stripped into plastic bowls and fertilized
• activation in 10L water 30g urea and 40g salt
• add remainder over 1 hour. stir

Question 28

Deadhesion. method

Answer 28

1.5 tannic acid/L water
add eggs and solution and stir 10-15 seconds
pour off replace with 50% dilution of tanning sol
stir 10 sec
incubate in zugar jars

Question 29

what do you incubate carp eggs in?

Answer 29

zugar jars

Question 30

how long till hatch? button up?

Answer 30

2-6 days, T*C dependant. 2-3 days till button up

Question 31

where do you transfer fry into?

Answer 31

nursery ponds with rotifers. or feeding starts in hatchery

Question 32

what is the protein to carb ratio for fry?

Answer 32

50:30 protein:carbs

Question 33

how often do you feed the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week?

Answer 33

2xwk 1st week
3xwk 2nd week
4xwk 3rd week

Question 34

how large to fry get in the first 3 weeks?

Answer 34

2-3 cm

Question 35

what artificial foods can you feed fry instead of rotifers?

Answer 35

APR - artificial plankton rotifer, ocean star international, golden pearus. may go from rotifers to artemia

Question 36

when do you want to grade for the first time?

Answer 36

2 1/2- 3cm graded and stocked to growout

Question 37

why is growout variable for carp?

Answer 37

determined by temperature, food quality and quantity. feeding up to 100% bw/d- low quality food

Question 38

stocking growout depends on what 4 things?

Answer 38

i) size at harvest, 1-1.5kg
ii) supplementary food
iii) pond productivity
iv) management

Question 39

what growing facilities are used for growouts in the following countries?
Indo
Japan
Phillipines
Germany

Answer 39

Indo: still ponds
Japan: still ponds
Phillipines: still ponds, running water cages
Germany: recirc.