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BDS3 ANATOMY > Carotid Triangle & Neurovascular Structures > Flashcards

Carotid Triangle & Neurovascular Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Carotid Triangle & what is it bounded by?

A

a VASCULAR AREA bounded by:
- superior omohyoid
- posterior digastric
- anterior border of SCM

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2
Q

What does the Carotid Triangle contain?

A
  • thyroid gland
  • larynx
  • pharynx
  • carotid sheath (& contents)
  • branches of cervical plexus
  • superior root of the ansa cervicalis
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
  • parts of CN XI & XII
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3
Q

Where does the right common carotid artery ascend from?

A

Branch of the braciocephalic trunk

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4
Q

Where does the left common carotid artery ascend from?

A

direct branch from the arch of aorta

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5
Q

what artery supplies the brain?

A

the internal carotid artery

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6
Q

what is the carotid sinus?

A

an enlargement/dilation at bifurcation of common carotid artery containing baroreceptors/pressoreceptors in wall of ICA

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7
Q

why is the carotid sinus important?

A
  • important in monitoring blood pressure
  • baroreceptors are sensitive to stretch
  • helps keep blood pressure within homeostatic values
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8
Q

what is the carotid sinus innervated by?

A
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) via carotid sinus nerve
  • CN X
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9
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

A small organ (2-5mm) which houses chemoreceptors located at bifurcation of CCA near the carotid sinus

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10
Q

Where does the carotid body lie?

A

Lies in a septum on the medial side of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

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11
Q

What is the function of the carotid body?

A
  • important in monitoring blood O2, CO2 and pH (& temperature)
  • responds in emergency situations by increasing respiration, blood pressure & cardiac rate
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12
Q

what is the carotid body innervated by?

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal) via carotid sinus nerve & CNX

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13
Q

where does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

main artery of the brain & structures in the orbits

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14
Q

where does the external carotid artery supply?

A

supplies most structures external to the cranium
- EXCEPT the orbit & part of forehead

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15
Q

what are the anterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • superior thyroid
  • lingual
  • facial
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16
Q

what are the posterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • occipital
  • posterior auricular
17
Q

what is the medial branch of the external carotid artery?

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

18
Q

what are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • superficial temporal
  • maxillary
19
Q

what artery does the middle meningeal artery branch off of?

A

the maxillary artery

20
Q

what is the largest vein of the neck? what structures does it drain?

A

the Internal Jugular Vein drains:
- brain
- skull
- face
- parts of neck

21
Q

what vein is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus?

A

the internal jugular vein

22
Q

where is the internal jugular vein located?

A
  • exits skull via the jugular foramen
  • enters the carotid sheathe
  • runs lateral to the common carotid artery
23
Q

what veins drain into the internal jugular vein?

A
  • inferior petrosal sinus
  • pharyngeal
  • occipital
  • facial
  • lingual
  • superior thyroid
24
Q

what is the function of the inferior bulb & valve of the IJV?

A

permits blood flow towards the heart while preventing backflow into the vein (might occur if inverted)

25
Q

what muscle runs directly across the IJV?

A

the omohyoid muscle

26
Q

what structures does the external jugular vein drain?

A

mainly drains the scalp & face

27
Q

what veins drain directly into the external jugular vein?

A
  • posterior external jugular
  • transverse cervical
  • suprascapular
  • anterior jugular
28
Q

where do anterior jugular veins arise?

A

near the hyoid bone & run on either side of the midline through subcutaneous tissue

29
Q

what nerve emerges through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

CNVII & gives off the posterior auricular nerve

30
Q

what does the parotid plexus give rise to?

A
  • temporal nerve
  • zygomatic nerve
  • buccal nerve
  • marginal mandibular
  • cervical
31
Q

what does the cervical branch of CNVII innervate?

A

platysma muscle

32
Q

what nerve innervates the digastric muscle?

A

digastric branch of CNVII

33
Q

what nerve supplies the stylohyoid muscle?

A

CNVII

34
Q

what branches does CNX (vagus) give rise to?

A
  • pharyngeal
  • laryngeal
  • cardiac branches
35
Q

what are symptoms of damage to CNX laryngeal branches?

A
  • hoarseness of voice
  • aphonia
36
Q

what does the transverse cervical nerve innervate?

A

cutaneous innervation over SCM & anterior triangle

37
Q

what does the ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

infrahyoid muscles

BDS3 ANATOMY (26 decks)

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