Anatomy Clinical Implications Flashcards

1
Q

how is an Emergency Airway performed & why may this be essential?

A
  • cricothyroid ligament pierced by a fine 1mm needle
  • when patient cannot breath e.g anaphylactic shock
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2
Q

what is Goitre?

A
  • enlarged thyroid gland
  • often caused by Grave’s disease or Iodine deficiency
    *if seen in patient check for Exopthalmos (bulging/protruding) of the eyes as this is common in Grave’s disease
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3
Q

what causes congestive cardiac failure?

A
  • external jugular vein becomes distended
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4
Q

what is an Extradural Haemorrhage? what may cause this?

A
  • blood haemorrhage between the Dura Mater & the Skull
  • the Pterion is weakest point of skull, trauma here can cause fracture which can cause rupture of the Middle Meningeal Artery
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5
Q

What are the main cranial nerves affected by a stroke in the internal capsule?

A
  • Facial nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve
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6
Q

If a patient is having a stroke in their right internal capsule, what will the clinical signs be?

A
  • left muscles innervated by facial nerve will no longer work below eye brows
  • when patient stick tongue out is deviates to the left
  • all muscles on left side of body will begin to paralyse
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7
Q

what syndrome is caused damage to the cervical sympathetic trunk?

A

Horner’s syndrome

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8
Q

what are the clinical signs of Horner’s syndrome?

A
  • absence of face sweating
  • drooping of upper eyelid
  • constriction of pupil
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9
Q

what nerve is damaged if patient is unable to raise shoulder?

A

accessory nerve

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10
Q

what muscles does the accessory nerve supply?

A

SCM and trapezius

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11
Q

what is a symptom of sympathetic nerve damage?

A

constricted pupil & eyelid drooping

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12
Q

what nerve would be at risk with surgery to excise the submandibular gland?

A

the lingual nerve

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13
Q

what bones make up the zygomatic arch?

A
  • temporal process of zygomatic bone
  • zygomatic process of temporal bone
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