Career Development

Question 1

Lifestyle and career development have been emphasized

a. only since the late 1950s.
b. only since the late 1960s.
c. only since nondirective counseling became popular.
d. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement
and are still major areas of concern.

Answer 1

d. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement
and are still major areas of concern.

Question 2

One trend is that women are moving into more careers that in
the past were populated by males. Women workers are often
impacted by the “glass ceiling phenomenon.” Assuming that a
counselor’s behavior is influenced by the phenomenon, which
statement would he most likely make when conducting a career
counseling session with a female client who wants to advance to
a higher position?

a. “Your ability to advance in the corporate world is generally
based on your mother’s attitude toward work. Can
you tell me a little about that?”
b. “Actually, women can advance quite rapidly in the corporate
world. I support you 100%. I’d say you should be
optimistic and go for the position.”
c. “Let’s be rational: A woman can only advance so far. You
really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate
executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”
d. “In most cases a female will work in a position that is at
the same level as her father. Did your dad ever work as a
corporate executive?

Answer 2

c. “Let’s be rational: A woman can only advance so far. You
really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate
executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”

Question 3

Most research in the area of career development and its relationship
to students indicates that

a. a very high proportion of students in high school and at
the junior high or middle-school level wanted guidance in
planning a career. Career interests are more stable after
college.
b. students did not want career guidance despite its importance.
c. many students were too inflexible to benefit from career
guidance.
d. high school students wanted career guidance but junior
high school or middle-school-level students did not.

Answer 3

a. a very high proportion of students in high school and at
the junior high or middle-school level wanted guidance in
planning a career. Career interests are more stable after
college.

Question 4

A dual-career family (or dual-worker couple) is one in which
both partners have jobs to which they are committed on a somewhat
continuous basis. Which statement is true of dual-career
families?

a. Surprisingly enough, dual-career families have lower incomes
than families in which only one partner works.
b. Dual-career families have higher incomes than the socalled
traditional family in which only one partner is
working.
c. Dual-career families have incomes which are almost identical
to families with one partner working.
d. Surprisingly enough, no research has been conducted on
dual-career families.

Answer 4

b. Dual-career families have higher incomes than the so-called
traditional family in which only one partner is
working.

Question 5

In the dual-career family, partners seem to be more self-sufficient than in the traditional family. In a dual-career household,
the woman

a. generally has children before entering the work force.
b. rarely if ever has children.
c. is not self-reliant.
d. is typically secure in her career before she has children.

Answer 5

d. is typically secure in her career before she has children.

Question 6

Studies indicate that

a. students receive ample vocational guidance.
b. most parents can provide appropriate vocational guidance.
c. students want more vocational guidance than they receive.
d. career days meet the vocational guidance needs of most
students.

Answer 6

c. students want more vocational guidance than they receive.

Question 7

Statistics reveal that

a. on average, a worker with a bachelor’s degree earns over
$10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma.
b. fewer workers possess a high-school degree than ever before.
c. blue-collar jobs are growing faster than white-collar jobs.
d. older workers are slower than younger workers and have
less skill.

Answer 7

a. on average, a worker with a bachelor’s degree earns over

$10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma.

Question 8

When professional career counselors use the term leisure they
technically mean

a. the client is having fun at work or away from work.
b. the client is relaxing at work or away from work.
c. the client is working at less than 100% capacity at work or
away from work.
d. the time the client has away from work which is not being
utilized for obligations.

Answer 8

d. the time the client has away from work which is not being

utilized for obligations.

Question 9

In terms of leisure time and dual-career families

a. dual-career families have more leisure time.
b. dual-career families have the same amount of leisure time
as families with one wage earner.
c. dual-career families have less leisure time.
d. dual-career families have more weekend leisure time.

Answer 9

c. dual-career families have less leisure time.

Question 10

A client who says, “I feel I cannot really become an administrator
in our agency because I am a woman,” is showing an example
of

a. gender bias.
b. counselor bias.
c. the trait-and-factor theory.
d. developmental theory and career choice.

Answer 10

a. gender bias.

Question 11

One major category of career theory is known as the trait-factor
(also called the trait-and-factor) approach. It has also been
dubbed the actuarial or matching approach. This approach

a. attempts to match conscious and unconscious work motives.
b. attempts to match the worker and the work environment
(job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption
that there is one best or single career for the person.
c. attempts to match career behavior with attitudes.
d. attempts to match cognition with the workload.

Answer 11

b. attempts to match the worker and the work environment
(job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption
that there is one best or single career for the person.

Question 12

The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching
approach (which matches clients with a job) is associated with

a. Parsons and Williamson.
b. Roe and Brill.
c. Holland and Super.
d. Tiedeman and O’Hara.

Answer 12

a. Parsons and Williamson.

Question 13

The trait-and-factor or actuarial approach asserts that

a. job selection is a long-term development process.
b. testing is an important part of the counseling process.
c. a counselor can match the correct person with the appropriate
job.
d. b and c.

Answer 13

d. b and c.

Question 14

In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released.
The book was written by Frank Parsons. Parsons has
been called

a. the Father of lifestyle.
b. the Father of modern counseling.
c. the Father of vocational guidance.
d. the fourth force in counseling.

Answer 14

c. the Father of vocational guidance.

Question 15

Which statement is not true of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?

a. The approach attempts to match the person’s traits with
the requirements of a job.
b. The approach usually relies on psychometric information.
c. The approach is developmental and thus focuses on career
maturity.
d. The approach is associated with the work of Parsons and
Williamson.

Answer 15

c. The approach is developmental and thus focuses on career

maturity.

Question 16

Edmund Griffi th Williamson’s work (or the so-called Minnesota
Viewpoint) purports to be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the

a. Rorschach and the TAT.
b. Binet and the Wechsler.
c. BDI and the MMPI.
d. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales.

Answer 16

d. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales.

Question 17

The trait-and-factor approach fails to take _______ into account.

a. individual change throughout the life span.
b. relevant psychometric data.
c. personality.
d. job requirements.

Answer 17

a. individual change throughout the life span.

Question 18

Anne Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice

a. based on cognitive-behavioral therapy.
b. based on a model of strict operant conditioning.
c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious
need.
d. based on the work of Pavlov.

Answer 18

c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious

need.

Question 19

Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional
system of occupational classification utilizing

a. unconscious and preconscious.
b. fields and levels.
c. yin and yang.
d. transactional analysis nomenclature.

Answer 19

b. fields and levels.

Question 20

All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “fields” except

a. service.
b. science.
c. arts and entertainment.
d. unskilled.

Answer 20

d. unskilled.

Question 21

All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “levels” except

a. outdoor.
b. semiskilled.
c. semiprofessional/small business.
d. professional and managerial.

Answer 21

a. outdoor.

Question 22

Roe spoke of three basic parenting styles: overprotective, avoidant,
or acceptant. The result is that the child

a. experiences neurosis or psychosis.
b. will eventually have a lot of jobs or a lack of employment.
c. will develop a personality which gravitates (i.e., moves)
toward people or away from people.
d. will suffer from depression in the work setting or will be
highly motivated to succeed.

Answer 22

c. will develop a personality which gravitates (i.e., moves)

toward people or away from people.

Question 23

Roe’s theory relies on Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in
the sense that in terms of career choice

a. lower order needs take precedence over higher order
needs.
b. self-actualization needs take precedence over lower order
needs.
c. all needs are given equal consideration.
d. the need for self-actualization would overpower a physical
need.

Answer 23

a. lower order needs take precedence over higher order

needs.

Question 24

Some support for Roe’s theory comes from

a. the BDI.
b. the WAIS-R.
c. the Rorschach and the TAT.
d. the gestalt therapy movement.

Answer 24

c. the Rorschach and the TAT.

Question 25

In terms of genetics, Roe’s theory would assert that

a. genetics play a very minor role in career choice.
b. genetics help to determine intelligence and education,
and hence this infl uences one’s career choice.
c. genetics are important while upbringing is not.
d. genetics are important while the unconscious is not.

Answer 25

b. genetics help to determine intelligence and education,

and hence this influences one’s career choice.

Question 26

According to Anne Roe, who categorized occupations by fields
and levels,

a. the decision to pursue a career is purely a conscious decision.
b. using the Strong is the best method of explaining career
choice.
c. early childhood experiences are irrelevant in terms of career
choice.
d. the choice of a career helps to satisfy an individual’s
needs.

Answer 26

d. the choice of a career helps to satisfy an individual’s

needs.

Question 27

A 37-year-old Caucasian male states during a counseling session
that he is working as a clerk at Main Street Plumbing. This verbalization
depicts the client’s

a. career.
b. lifestyle.
c. job or position.
d. occupation.

Answer 27

c. job or position.

Question 28

Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career
choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious
processes in this area of study was

a. Krumboltz.
b. Parsons.
c. Super.
d. Bordin.

Answer 28

d. Bordin.

Question 29

Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice

a. are indicative of neurotic symptoms.
b. are indicative of inappropriate reinforcers in the environment.
c. are related to a lack of present moment awareness.
d. are the result of irrational cognitions.

Answer 29

a. are indicative of neurotic symptoms.

Question 30

Another career theorist who drew upon psychoanalytic doctrines
was A. A. Brill. Brill emphasized _______ as an ego-defense
mechanism.

a. subliminal.
b. sublimation.
c. repression.
d. rationalization.

Answer 30

b. sublimation.

Question 31

A client who becomes a professional football player because he
unconsciously likes to hurt people would be utilizing _______
according to Brill’s theory of career choice.

a. subliminal.
b. sublimation.
c. suppression.
d. introjection.

Answer 31

b. sublimation.

Question 32

Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects

a. the work of Anne Roe.
b. the work of Donald Super.
c. the work of John Holland.
d. the work of Jane Loevinger.

Answer 32

c. the work of John Holland.

Question 33

Holland categorized _______ personality orientations which
correspond to analogous work environments.

a. two.
b. five.
c. three.
d. six.

Answer 33

d. six.

Question 34

Most experts in the field of career counseling would classify Roe,
Brill, and Holland as _______ theorists.

a. behavior modification.
b. ego psychologists.
c. experiential.
d. personality.

Answer 34

d. personality.

Question 35

Counselors who support John Holland’s approach believe that

a. an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality.
b. stereotypes cannot be considered relevant.
c. four major personality categories exist.
d. sublimation is the major factor in job selection.

Answer 35

a. an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality.

Question 36

Holland mentioned six modal orientations: artistic, conventional,
enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social. A middle school
counselor is most likely

a. artistic.
b. social.
c. enterprising.
d. realistic.

Answer 36

b. social.

Question 37

Holland’s theory would predict that the vice president of the
United States would be

a. artistic.
b. social.
c. enterprising
d. realistic.

Answer 37

c. enterprising

Question 38

A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fi t into
Holland’s _______ typology.

a. artistic.
b. conventional.
c. social.
d. realistic.

Answer 38

d. realistic.

Question 39

Holland’s psychological needs career personality theory would
say that a research chemist is primarily the _______ type.

a. investigative.
b. social.
c. enterprising.
d. artistic.

Answer 39

a. investigative.

Question 40

Holland’s artistic type seems to value feelings over pure intellect
or cognitive ability. Which of the following clients would not be
best described via the artistic typology?

a. A 72-year-old part-time male ballet instructor.
b. A 29-year-old female fiction writer.
c. A 33-year-old female drill press operator.
d. A 41-year-old singer for a heavy metal rock band.

Answer 40

c. A 33-year-old female drill press operator.

Question 41

Holland did indeed believe in career stereotypes. In other words
the person psychologically defines himself or herself via a given
job. Thus, a bookkeeper or a clerical worker would primarily fi t
into the _______ category.

a. artistic.
b. conventional.
c. realistic.
d. social.

Answer 41

b. conventional.

Question 42

In regard to an individual’s behavioral style or so-called modal
orientation, Holland believed that

a. every person has a pure or discrete orientation that fi ts
perfectly into one of the six categories.
b. occupational measures like the Strong Vocational are for
the most part useless.
c. most people are not pure personality types and thus can
best be described by a distribution of types such as Realistic,
Social, Investigative (RSI).
d. a and b.

Answer 42

c. most people are not pure personality types and thus can
best be described by a distribution of types such as Realistic,
Social, Investigative (RSI).

Question 43

Holland believed that

a. a given occupation will tend to attract persons with similar
personalities.
b. a given occupation will tend to attract persons with a very
wide range of personality attributes.
c. one’s personality is, for the most part, unrelated to one’s
occupational choice.
d. b and c.

Answer 43

a. a given occupation will tend to attract persons with similar
personalities.

Question 44

Holland relied on a personality theory of career choice. Hoppock’s
theory, based on the work of _______ is also considered a
personality approach.

a. Donald Super.
b. Robert Rosenthal.
c. David Wechsler.
d. Henry Murray.

Answer 44

d. Henry Murray.

Question 45

Developmental career theorists view career choice as an ongoing
or so-called longitudinal process rather than a single decision
made at one point in time. The pioneer theorists in this area—
who were the fi rst to forsake the matching models—were

a. Super and Roe.
b. Hoppock and Holland.
c. Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma.
d. Brill and Bordin.

Answer 45

c. Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma.

Question 46

Ginzberg and his colleagues now believe in a development model
of career choice which asserts that

a. the process of choosing a career does not end at age 20 or
adulthood.
b. career choice decisions are really made throughout the
life span.
c. career choice is reversible.
d. all of the above.

Answer 46

d. all of the above.

Question 47

Initially, Ginzberg and his associates viewed career choice as irreversible
and the result of compromises between wishes and
realistic possibilities. This theory identified three stages of career
development

a. informal, formal, and concrete.
b. fantasy (birth to age 11), tentative (ages 11 to 17), and
realistic (age 17 to early 20s).
c. sensorimotor, formal, and concrete.
d. oral, anal, and phallic.

Answer 47

b. fantasy (birth to age 11), tentative (ages 11 to 17), and

realistic (age 17 to early 20s).

Question 48

The most popular developmental career theorist is Donald Super.
Super emphasizes

a. id impulses.
b. the critical parent.
c. the self-concept.
d. ego strength.

Answer 48

c. the self-concept.

Question 49

Super’s theory emphasizes _______ life stages.

a. five.
b. four.
c. three.
d. nine.

Answer 49

a. five.

Question 50

Super’s theory includes

a. the life-career rainbow.
b. the life-career stars.
c. the life-career moon.
d. the life-career psychosis.

Answer 50

a. the life-career rainbow.

Question 51

Research into the phenomenon of career maturity reflects the
work of

a. John Crites.
b. Roe.
c. Holland.
d. Schlossberg.

Answer 51

a. John Crites.

Question 52

The decision-making theory, which refers to periods of anticipation
and implementation/adjustment, was proposed by

a. Crites.
b. Holland.
c. David Tiedeman and Robert O’Hara.
d. Super.

Answer 52

c. David Tiedeman and Robert O’Hara.

Question 53

John Krumboltz postulated a social learning approach to career
choice. This model is based mainly on the work of

a. Joseph Wolpe.
b. Albert Bandura.
c. Donald Super.
d. Karen Homey.

Answer 53

b. Albert Bandura.

Question 54

The model Krumboltz suggested is

a. a human capital theory.
b. an accident theory of career development.
c. a status attainment theory.
d. a behavioristic model of career development.

Answer 54

d. a behavioristic model of career development.

Question 55

A counselor who favors a behavioristic mode of career counseling
would most likely

a. analyze dreams related to jobs and/or occupations.
b. give the client a standardized career test.
c. suggest a site visit to a work setting.
d. a and b.

Answer 55

c. suggest a site visit to a work setting.

Question 56

A fairly recent model to explain career development is the decision
approach. The Gelatt Decision Model created by Harry B. Gelatt refers to information as “the fuel of the decision.” The
Gelatt Model asserts that information can be organized into
three systems

a. predictive, value, and decision.
b. internal, external, and in between.
c. predictive, external, and internal.
d. internal and external.

Answer 56

a. predictive, value, and decision.

Question 57

In the Gelatt Model the predictive system deals with

a. personal likes, dislikes, and preferences.
b. personal rules.
c. alternatives and the probability of outcomes.
d. the self-directed search.

Answer 57

c. alternatives and the probability of outcomes.

Question 58

Linda Gottfredson’s developmental theory of career focuses on

a. fields and levels.
b. circumscription and compromise theory.
c. the career rainbow.
d. mainly on the concept of career maturity.

Answer 58

b. circumscription and compromise theory.

Question 59

The leading method adults use to find career information in the
United States is

a. to see a state employment counselor.
b. to visit a private practice career counselor.
c. to undergo counseling with a counselor with NCCC credentials.
d. by securing information via the newspaper.

Answer 59

d. by securing information via the newspaper.

Question 60

When career counselors speak of the OOH they are referring
to

a. the Occupational Options Handbook.
b. the Occupational Outlook Handbook.
c. the Career Options Occupational Titles.
d. the Optional Occupations Handbook.

Answer 60

b. the Occupational Outlook Handbook.

Question 61

At its zenith the DOT listed

a. approximately 10,000 job titles.
b. nearly 5,000 job titles.
c. approximately 30,000 job titles.
d. nearly 100,000 job titles.

Answer 61

c. approximately 30,000 job titles.

Question 62

In the Dictionary of Occupational Titles each job was given a
_______ digit code.

a. nine.
b. eight.
c. six.
d. five.

Answer 62

a. nine.

Question 63

The DOT was fi rst published by the Department of Labor in
1939. The fi rst three digits in a DOT code referred to

a. an occupational group.
b. career options.
c. OOH data.
d. the transfer of skills.

Answer 63

a. an occupational group.

Question 64

You are working as a counselor for a major university. A student
wants detailed statistics about the average wages in her state.
The best resource would be

a. Richard N. Bolles’s book What Color Is Your Parachute?
b. The Bureau of Labor Statistics website.
c. Any professional journal related to career counseling is
inundated with articles of this nature.
d. DISCOVER and the System of Interactive Guidance and
Information known as Sigi Plus.

Answer 64

b. The Bureau of Labor Statistics website.

Question 65

A counselor who is interested in trends in the job market should
consult the

a. State Department of Economic Regulation.
b. SOC.
c. SIC.
d. OOH.

Answer 65

d. OOH.

Question 66

A counselor wants to suggest an easy-to-read source for a client
in search of career information. The counselor should recommend

a. DOT.
b. SOC.
c. SIC.
d. OOH.

Answer 66

d. OOH.

Question 67

A counselor with a master’s degree who is working for minimum
wage at a fast-food restaurant due to a lack of jobs in the field is
a victim of

a. unemployment.
b. underemployment.
c. the phi phenomenon.
d. the risky shift phenomenon.

Answer 67

b. underemployment.

Question 68

The OOH contains approximately 800 job descriptions. Job
trends suggest that

a. less women will be employed.
b. less minorities will be employed.
c. service jobs will account for virtually all the job growth.
d. jobs dealing with computers have peaked and will rapidly
decline.

Answer 68

c. service jobs will account for virtually all the job growth.

Question 69

The Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) was published
by the U.S. Department of Labor. The guide lists groups of jobs
listed in

a. 14 interest areas.
b. 6 interest areas.
c. 3 interest areas.
d. 175 interest areas.

Answer 69

a. 14 interest areas.

Question 70

Self-efficacy theory is based on the work of

a. Roe.
b. Holland.
c. H. B. Gelatt.
d. Albert Bandura.

Answer 70

d. Albert Bandura.

Question 71

SIGI Plus, Choices, and Discover are

a. Computer Assisted Career Guidance Systems (CACG).
b. paper and pencil career tests.
c. career theories proposed in the 1940s.
d. computer systems which are slower to use than traditional
texts such as the DOT or the OOH.

Answer 71

a. Computer Assisted Career Guidance Systems (CACG).

Question 72

A client who likes her flower arranging job begins doing fl ower
arranging in her spare time on weekends and after work. This
phenomenon is best described as

a. the contrast effect.
b. sublimation.
c. the compensatory effect.
d. spillover.

Answer 72

d. spillover.

Question 73

A male client who hates his job is trying desperately to be the
perfect father, husband, and family man. This phenomenon is
best described as

a. the recency effect.
b. the leniency/strictness bias.
c. the compensatory effect.
d. spillover.

Answer 73

c. the compensatory effect.

Question 74

The National Vocational Guidance Association was founded in
1913. It was fused with other organizations in 1952 to become

a. the American Psychological Association.
b. AACD.
c. APGA.
d. NASW.

Answer 74

c. APGA.

Question 75

Lifestyle includes

a. work.
b. leisure.
c. style of living.
d. all of the above.

Answer 75

d. all of the above.

Question 76

The Strong Interest Inventory (SCII) is based on John Holland’s
theory. The test assumes that a person who is interested in a
given subject will experience

a. satisfaction in a job with workers who have different interests.
b. satisfaction in a job in which those working in the occupation
have similar interests.
c. generalized anxiety if he or she is placed in a job where
people have similar interests.
d. the best results if he or she fi nishes the inventory in one
hour or less.

Answer 76

b. satisfaction in a job in which those working in the occupation
have similar interests.

Question 77

The Self-Directed Search (SDS) is

a. based on the work of Holland and yields scores on his six
types.
b. self-administered.
c. self-scored and self-interpreted.
d. all of the above.

Answer 77

d. all of the above.

Question 78

At a case staffi ng, one career counselor says to another, “The
client’s disability suggests she can only physically handle sedentary
work.” This technically implies

a. the client will not need to lift over 10 pounds.
b. the client will not need to lift over 100 pounds.
c. the client will be standing a lot.
d. the client could walk or stand up to six hours daily.

Answer 78

a. the client will not need to lift over 10 pounds.

Question 79

The notion of the hidden job market would suggest that

a. most jobs will appear on college bulletin boards.
b. most jobs will appear in supermarket tabloids.
c. most jobs will appear in daily newspaper classifi ed ads.
d. most jobs are not advertised.

Answer 79

d. most jobs are not advertised.

Question 80

An SDS score will reveal

a. career aptitude.
b. the personality via projective measures.
c. the individual’s three highest scores based on Holland’s
personality types.
d. spillover personality tendencies.

Answer 80

c. the individual’s three highest scores based on Holland’s

personality types.

Question 81

As you walk into a professional seminar on career counseling you
note that the instructor is drawing a hexagon on the blackboard.
The instructor is most likely discussing

a. David Tiedeman.
b. John Holland.
c. Anne Roe.
d. John Crites.

Answer 81

b. John Holland.

Question 82

The Strong is considered an Interest inventory. So is

a. the Kuder, created by George Frederic Kuder.
b. the Wechsler.
c. the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test.
d. the MMPI-2.

Answer 82

a. the Kuder, created by George Frederic Kuder.

Question 83

The U.S. Employment Service created the

a. ASVAB.
b. DAT.
c. GATB.
d. SCII.

Answer 83

c. GATB.

Question 84

Occupational aptitude tests such as the Differential Aptitude
Test (DAT), the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test Battery
(ASVAB), and the O*NET Ability Profi ler grew out of the

a. cognitive therapy movement.
b. humanistic psychology movement.
c. individual psychology movement.
d. trait-and-factor movement related to career counseling.

Answer 84

d. trait-and-factor movement related to career counseling.

Question 85

A client says she has always stayed home and raised her children.
Now the children are grown and she is seeking employment.
She is best described

a. as a displaced homemaker.
b. as a victim of underemployment.
c. by a DSM diagnosis.
d. as a victim of the hidden job market.

Answer 85

a. as a displaced homemaker.

Question 86

According to the concept of wage discrimination

a. women make more than men for doing the same job.
b. women make less than men for doing the same job.
c. men and women make identical salaries thanks to legislation.
d. women who are seen as attractive still make 6% more
than men for doing the same job.

Answer 86

b. women make less than men for doing the same job.

Question 87

According to the concept of occupational sex segregation

a. most women hold high paying executive jobs.
b. most women hold low paying jobs with low status.
c. most women hold jobs which require a college degree.
d. men still make considerably less than women.

Answer 87

b. most women hold low paying jobs with low status.

Question 88

A counselor advises a female to steer clear of police work as he
feels this is a male occupation. This suggests

a. positive transference.
b. negative transference.
c. counselor bias based on gender bias.
d. sex wage discrimination.

Answer 88

c. counselor bias based on gender bias.

Question 89

Most research would suggest that a woman who has the same
intelligence, skills, and potential as a man will often

a. make the same job choice as a man.
b. choose a supervisory position more often than a man.
c. have lower career aspirations than a man.
d. choose a career well above her ability level.

Answer 89

c. have lower career aspirations than a man.

Question 90

590. A displaced homemaker might have grown children or

a. be widowed and seeking employment.
b. be divorced and seeking employment.
c. a and b.
d. none of the above.

Answer 90

c. a and b.

Question 91

Midlife career change

a. is not that unusual.
b. is often discussed, but in reality is very rare.
c. would be extremely rare after the death of a spouse.
d. would be extremely rare after all the children leave
home.

Answer 91

a. is not that unusual.

Question 92

The term reentry woman would best describe

a. a 32-year-old female police offi cer promoted to sergeant.
b. a 22-year-old female teacher who becomes a school counselor.
c. a 59-year-old female administrative assistant who switched
positions for two years and will return to her job.
d. a 29-year-old female who was babysitting in her home but
is currently working at a fast-food restaurant.

Answer 92

d. a 29-year-old female who was babysitting in her home but

is currently working at a fast-food restaurant.

Question 93

A counselor doing multicultural career counseling should be
aware

a. of his or her own ethnocentric biases.
b. that Asian Americans rarely choose scientifi c careers.
c. that Black males will often choose enterprising jobs in
terms of Holland’s typology.
d. that career inventories have eliminated cultural biases.

Answer 93

a. of his or her own ethnocentric biases.

Question 94

In terms of the labor market

a. music is very effective in terms of increasing the workers’
output.
b. the number of employees employers want to hire goes
down as salary goes up.
c. the number of employees willing to work for you goes up
as the salary increases.
d. b and c.

Answer 94

d. b and c.

Question 95

SIGI Plus is

a. an achievement test.
b. a personality test used in career counseling.
c. a computer career program known as the System of Interactive
Guidance and Information that allows students to
conduct a self-assessment and explore career options.
d. a computerized projective test for career counseling.

Answer 95

c. a computer career program known as the System of Interactive
Guidance and Information that allows students to
conduct a self-assessment and explore career options.

Question 96

A career counselor who is helping a client design a resume

a. should downplay the value of the cover letter.
b. should emphasize that a lengthy resume is invariably
more effective.
c. should emphasize the importance of listing height and
weight data.
d. should emphasize the importance of a cover letter.

Answer 96

d. should emphasize the importance of a cover letter.

Question 97

Most experts would agree that a resume

a. is like an art project and must look good.
b. is not an art project and looks have little if anything to do
with effectiveness.
c. need not utilize bold headings as personnel offi cers often
spend an extensive amount of time reading them.
d. contrary to popular opinion, can sport typos and spelling
errors yet still have a powerful impact on future employers.

Answer 97

a. is like an art project and must look good.

Question 98

The concept of job clubs as promoted by Azrin et al.

a. is very behavioristic.
b. is indicative of a client-centered approach.
c. is psychodynamic.
d. is appropriate, but not with disabled populations.

Answer 98

a. is very behavioristic.

Question 99

Which counselor would most likely say that we choose a job to
meet our needs?

a. Albert Ellis.
b. John O. Crites.
c. John Krumboltz
d. Robert Hoppock.

Answer 99

d. Robert Hoppock.

Question 100

All of the following are difficulties with career testing except

a. stereotyping.
b. the tests all take at least three hours to administer.
c. the counselor may rely too heavily on test results.
d. many tests are biased in favor of White middle-class
clients.

Answer 100

b. the tests all take at least three hours to administer.