Career Flashcards
Validity
& types of…
Accuracy (syn)
- Content validity - typically not a statistical measure, but rather comprised of expert review
- Concurrent validity - measure against specific criteria
- Predictive validity - A criterion that is measured in the future
- Construct validity - looking for significant, positive correlations between “measured” and “observed”
Content validity
typically not a statistical measure, but rather comprised of expert review
Concurrent validity
measure against specific criteria
Predictive validity
A criterion that is measured in the future
Construct validity
looking for significant, positive correlations between “measured” and “observed”
Ethical principles
- Autonomy
- Nonmaleficence - do no harm
- Beneficence - actually help
- Justice
- Fidelity
Trait and Factor Theory
Frank Parsons (1854-1908) & EG Williamson* Trait
: a distinguishing feature of an individual
: Can be measured through testing
: Assessment of traits is crucial for counseling
* Factor
: A characteristic required for successful job performance
Trait & Factor: 3 Steps according to Parsons
- Knowledge of self, aptitudes, and interests
- Knowledge of jobs, including advantages/disadvantages
- Matching the individual to the work
O-NET
3 types of information
Description (salary, working conditions, etc)
Classification
Trait and Factor requirements
O-NET
2 classification systems
DOT - Dictionary of Occupational Titles (9-digit code)
SOC Standard Occupational Classification (uses 6-digit code)
KOIS
Kuder Occupational Interest Survey
Looks at matching career choices with interests
SDS
Self-Directed Search developed by John Holland that looks specifically at different categories of personailty characteristics RIASEC Realist (do-ers) Investigative (Thinkers) Artistic (Creators) Social (Helpers) Enterprising (Persuaders) Conventional (Organizers)
Social Learning Theory
Krumboltz (Behaviorist)
Four factors contributing to career choice
1 - Genetic factors
2 - Environmental factors
3 - Individual skills to approaching tasks
4 - Learning experiences
Decision Theory
Gellatt, Hendershon & Roth, Katz(SIGI), Tiedeman, O’Hara
process by which the individual uses concepts to choose a vocational alternative that offers the best result
Psychological Perspective
Roe, Holland, Hoppock, Brill (also personality or structural theorists)
Emphasis is on one’s psychological makeup and how the interaction affects choice
Developmental Perspective
Ginzberg, Super, Tiedman, O’Hara, Havighurst
Developmental Process is lifelong, open-ended, and moves through stages. Vocational choice occurs during adolescent period
Psychodynamic Perspective
Nachman, Segal, Bordin
Perspective Career choice is influenced by the separation from the family as the child develops a self identity.
Humanistic Perspective
Rogers and Patterson
Adolescent’s work is a fundamental component of the self-actualization process of fulfilling one’s potentialities in life.
Donald Super’s 5 stages of career development
Growth (birth to age 14), Exploration (15-24), Establishment (24-44), Maintenance (44-64), Decline (65+)
Krumboltz
Developed social learning approach to career choice based on work of behaviorist Albert Bandura.
Believed career decision-making is a skill that can be LEARNED.
Social Cognitive Theory
Bandura.
A learning theory based on the ideas that people learn by watching what others do, and that human thought processes are central to understanding personality
Bandura (Personality)
Personality is an interaction between three factors:
Behavior
Personal factors (cognitive, affective, & biological events)
Environmental factors
Bandura (Steps to Modeling)
Bandura established that there are certain steps involved in the modelling process: Attention Retention Reporduction Motivation
Hoppock
Advisor of Beck at NYU
Career choice is based on “need”
Anne Roe
Personality theorist: “person-environment theory”
Needs that are delayed in being satisfied become unconscious motivators
Roe’s 2-dimensional system
Fields (8) & Levels (6)
Fields:
service, business contact, organizations, technology, outdoor, science, general culture, and arts/entertainment
Levels:
professional & managerial 1, professional & managerial 2, semiprofessional/small business, skilled, semiskilled, unskilled
Roe’s Theory:
Career choice is influenced by…
genetics parent-child interaction unconscious motivators current needs interests (people/things) education intelligence
Edwin Bordin
psychodynamic approach to career theory - A basic tenet is that individuals seek enjoyment in work
Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)
Dawis & Lofquist is founded on 4 basic psychological concepts 1 - ability 2 - reinforcement value 3 - satisfaction 4 - person-environment correspondence
A. A. Brill & Edward Bordin
Used psychoanalytic in career
