Career

Question 1

Validity

& types of…

Answer 1

Accuracy (syn)

• Content validity - typically not a statistical measure, but rather comprised of expert review
• Concurrent validity - measure against specific criteria
• Predictive validity - A criterion that is measured in the future
• Construct validity - looking for significant, positive correlations between “measured” and “observed”

Question 2

Content validity

Answer 2

typically not a statistical measure, but rather comprised of expert review

Question 3

Concurrent validity

Answer 3

measure against specific criteria

Question 4

Predictive validity

Answer 4

A criterion that is measured in the future

Question 5

Construct validity

Answer 5

looking for significant, positive correlations between “measured” and “observed”

Question 6

Ethical principles

Answer 6

• Autonomy
• Nonmaleficence - do no harm
• Beneficence - actually help
• Justice
• Fidelity

Question 7

Trait and Factor Theory

Answer 7

Frank Parsons (1854-1908) & EG Williamson* Trait
: a distinguishing feature of an individual
: Can be measured through testing
: Assessment of traits is crucial for counseling
* Factor
: A characteristic required for successful job performance

Question 8

Trait & Factor: 3 Steps according to Parsons

Answer 8

1. Knowledge of self, aptitudes, and interests
2. Knowledge of jobs, including advantages/disadvantages
3. Matching the individual to the work

Question 9

O-NET

3 types of information

Answer 9

Description (salary, working conditions, etc)
Classification
Trait and Factor requirements

Question 10

O-NET

2 classification systems

Answer 10

DOT - Dictionary of Occupational Titles (9-digit code)

SOC Standard Occupational Classification (uses 6-digit code)

Question 11

KOIS

Answer 11

Kuder Occupational Interest Survey

Looks at matching career choices with interests

Question 12

SDS

Answer 12

Self-Directed Search
developed by John Holland that looks specifically at different categories of personailty characteristics
RIASEC
Realist (do-ers)
Investigative (Thinkers)
Artistic (Creators)
Social (Helpers)
Enterprising (Persuaders)
Conventional (Organizers)

Question 13

Social Learning Theory

Answer 13

Krumboltz (Behaviorist)
Four factors contributing to career choice
1 - Genetic factors
2 - Environmental factors
3 - Individual skills to approaching tasks
4 - Learning experiences

Question 14

Decision Theory

Answer 14

Gellatt, Hendershon & Roth, Katz(SIGI), Tiedeman, O’Hara

process by which the individual uses concepts to choose a vocational alternative that offers the best result

Question 15

Psychological Perspective

Answer 15

Roe, Holland, Hoppock, Brill (also personality or structural theorists)
Emphasis is on one’s psychological makeup and how the interaction affects choice

Question 16

Developmental Perspective

Answer 16

Ginzberg, Super, Tiedman, O’Hara, Havighurst
Developmental Process is lifelong, open-ended, and moves through stages. Vocational choice occurs during adolescent period

Question 17

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 17

Nachman, Segal, Bordin

Perspective Career choice is influenced by the separation from the family as the child develops a self identity.

Question 18

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 18

Rogers and Patterson
Adolescent’s work is a fundamental component of the self-actualization process of fulfilling one’s potentialities in life.

Question 19

Donald Super’s 5 stages of career development

Answer 19

Growth (birth to age 14), 
Exploration (15-24), 
Establishment (24-44), 
Maintenance (44-64), 
Decline (65+)

Question 20

Krumboltz

Answer 20

Developed social learning approach to career choice based on work of behaviorist Albert Bandura.
Believed career decision-making is a skill that can be LEARNED.

Question 21

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 21

Bandura.
A learning theory based on the ideas that people learn by watching what others do, and that human thought processes are central to understanding personality

Question 22

Bandura (Personality)

Answer 22

Personality is an interaction between three factors:
Behavior
Personal factors (cognitive, affective, & biological events)
Environmental factors

Question 23

Bandura (Steps to Modeling)

Answer 23

Bandura established that there are certain steps involved in the modelling process:
Attention
Retention
Reporduction
Motivation

Question 24

Hoppock

Answer 24

Advisor of Beck at NYU

Career choice is based on “need”

Question 25

Anne Roe

Answer 25

Personality theorist: “person-environment theory”

Needs that are delayed in being satisfied become unconscious motivators

Question 26

Roe’s 2-dimensional system

Answer 26

Fields (8) & Levels (6)
Fields:
service, business contact, organizations, technology, outdoor, science, general culture, and arts/entertainment
Levels:
professional & managerial 1, professional & managerial 2, semiprofessional/small business, skilled, semiskilled, unskilled

Question 27

Roe’s Theory:

Career choice is influenced by…

Answer 27

genetics
parent-child interaction
unconscious motivators
current needs
interests (people/things)
education
intelligence

Question 28

Edwin Bordin

Answer 28

psychodynamic approach to career theory - A basic tenet is that individuals seek enjoyment in work

Question 29

Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)

Answer 29

Dawis & Lofquist
is founded on 4 basic psychological concepts
1 - ability
2 - reinforcement value
3 - satisfaction
4 - person-environment correspondence

Question 30

A. A. Brill & Edward Bordin

Answer 30

Used psychoanalytic in career