Cardiovascular- The Exam: BP, Respiration, O2 Sat, and Pain

Question 1

Normal BP

Answer 1

Systolic <120 mm Hg

Diastolic <80 mm Hg

Question 2

Prehypertension BP

Answer 2

Systolic 120-139 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 80-89 mm Hg

Question 3

Stage 1 Hypertension BP

Answer 3

Systolic 140-159 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 90-99 mm Hg
can also be called grade 1

Question 4

Stage 2 Hypertension BP

Answer 4

Systolic 160-179 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 100-109 mm Hg
can also be called grade 2

Question 5

Hypertensive crisis

Answer 5

Systolic 180+ mm Hg
or
Diastolic 110+ mm Hg
can also be called grade 3

Question 6

What is hypotension and what may cause it?

Answer 6

• a decrease in BP below normal; BP is not adequate for normal perfusion/oxygenation.
• may be related to bed rest, drugs, arrhythmias, blood loss/shock, or MI

Question 7

What is orthostatic hypotension

Answer 7

• drop in BP that accompanies changes from supine to standing
• To assess: take BP and HR in supine 5+ min before transfer, take BP and HR immediately upon standing, take BP and HR 3 min after standing
• pt. is orthostatic is systolic drops > 20 mm Hg or if diastolic drops >10 mm HG

Question 8

Common symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

Answer 8

light-headedness
dizziness
LOB
LE weakness

Question 9

Pediatric BP range under age 2

Answer 9

Systolic 106-110 mm Hg

Diastolic 59-63 mm Hg

Question 10

Pediatric BP range age 3-5

Answer 10

Systolic 113-116 mm Hg

Diastolic 67-74 mm Hg

Question 11

What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

Answer 11

• the arterial pressure w/in the large arteries over time; dependent upon mean blood flow and arterial compliance
• calculated by systolic BP + 2(diastolic BP) then divided by 3
• important measure in critical care (ICUs)

Question 12

What is a normal MAP?

Answer 12

70-110 mm Hg

Question 13

Normal adult respiration rate (RR)

Answer 13

12-20 breaths per min

Question 14

Normal newborn RR

Answer 14

30-40 breaths per min

Question 15

Normal child RR

Answer 15

20-30 breaths per min

Question 16

Tachypnea

Answer 16

an increase in RR= 22+ breaths per min

Question 17

Bradypnea

Answer 17

decrease in RR = 10 or less breaths per min

Question 18

Hyperpnea

Answer 18

an increase in depth and rate of breathing

Question 19

What is dyspnea

Answer 19

SOB

Question 20

What is dyspnea on exertion (DOE)

Answer 20

SOB brought on by exercise or activity

Question 21

What is orthopnea

Answer 21

inability to breathe when in a reclining or supine position

Question 22

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)

Answer 22

sudden inability to breathe occurring during sleep

Question 23

What is the dyspnea scale

Answer 23

the same as the modified 0-10 Borg scale

Question 24

Auscultation of the lungs- what are you assessing for

Answer 24

• normal breath sounds
• adventitious sounds: crackles or wheezes
• cough

Question 25

What do crackles also known as rales sound like

Answer 25

• rattling or bubbling sounds

- may be due to secretions in lungs

Question 26

What do wheezes also known as rhonchi sound like

Answer 26

whistling sounds

Question 27

What are you assessing when you assess a cough

Answer 27

• productive or nonproductive
• strong or weak
• coordinated or uncoordinated
• consistency and color of any secretions

Question 28

What does a pulse ox do

Answer 28

• measure degree of saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)
• normal values 95-100%
• provides estimate of PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) based on oxyhemoglobin desat curve

Question 29

What is hypoxemia

Answer 29

• abnormal low amount of O2 in blood

- O2 sat below 90% = PaO2 of 60 mm Hg

Question 30

What is hypoxia?

Answer 30

low O2 level in the tissues

Question 31

What is anoxia

Answer 31

complete lack of O2

Question 32

The origin of chest pain

Answer 32

may be cardiac or non-cardiac related

Question 33

Symptoms of ischemic cardiac pain (angina or MI)

Answer 33

• diffuse
  -retrosternal pain
  -sensation of tightness or achiness in chest
  associated w/:
  -dyspnea
  -sweating
  -indigestion
  -dizziness
  -syncope
  -anxiety

Question 34

Angina Pain scale

Answer 34

1+ light, barely noticeable
2+ moderate, bothersome
3+ sever, very uncomfortable
4+ most severe pain experienced.