Cardiovascular- The Exam: BP, Respiration, O2 Sat, and Pain Flashcards
Normal BP
Systolic <120 mm Hg
Diastolic <80 mm Hg
Prehypertension BP
Systolic 120-139 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 80-89 mm Hg
Stage 1 Hypertension BP
Systolic 140-159 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 90-99 mm Hg
can also be called grade 1
Stage 2 Hypertension BP
Systolic 160-179 mm Hg
or
Diastolic 100-109 mm Hg
can also be called grade 2
Hypertensive crisis
Systolic 180+ mm Hg
or
Diastolic 110+ mm Hg
can also be called grade 3
What is hypotension and what may cause it?
- a decrease in BP below normal; BP is not adequate for normal perfusion/oxygenation.
- may be related to bed rest, drugs, arrhythmias, blood loss/shock, or MI
What is orthostatic hypotension
- drop in BP that accompanies changes from supine to standing
- To assess: take BP and HR in supine 5+ min before transfer, take BP and HR immediately upon standing, take BP and HR 3 min after standing
- pt. is orthostatic is systolic drops > 20 mm Hg or if diastolic drops >10 mm HG
Common symptoms of orthostatic hypotension
light-headedness
dizziness
LOB
LE weakness
Pediatric BP range under age 2
Systolic 106-110 mm Hg
Diastolic 59-63 mm Hg
Pediatric BP range age 3-5
Systolic 113-116 mm Hg
Diastolic 67-74 mm Hg
What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
- the arterial pressure w/in the large arteries over time; dependent upon mean blood flow and arterial compliance
- calculated by systolic BP + 2(diastolic BP) then divided by 3
- important measure in critical care (ICUs)
What is a normal MAP?
70-110 mm Hg
Normal adult respiration rate (RR)
12-20 breaths per min
Normal newborn RR
30-40 breaths per min
Normal child RR
20-30 breaths per min
Tachypnea
an increase in RR= 22+ breaths per min
Bradypnea
decrease in RR = 10 or less breaths per min
Hyperpnea
an increase in depth and rate of breathing
What is dyspnea
SOB
What is dyspnea on exertion (DOE)
SOB brought on by exercise or activity
What is orthopnea
inability to breathe when in a reclining or supine position
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)
sudden inability to breathe occurring during sleep
What is the dyspnea scale
the same as the modified 0-10 Borg scale
Auscultation of the lungs- what are you assessing for
- normal breath sounds
- adventitious sounds: crackles or wheezes
- cough
What do crackles also known as rales sound like
- rattling or bubbling sounds
- may be due to secretions in lungs
What do wheezes also known as rhonchi sound like
whistling sounds
What are you assessing when you assess a cough
- productive or nonproductive
- strong or weak
- coordinated or uncoordinated
- consistency and color of any secretions
What does a pulse ox do
- measure degree of saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)
- normal values 95-100%
- provides estimate of PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) based on oxyhemoglobin desat curve
What is hypoxemia
- abnormal low amount of O2 in blood
- O2 sat below 90% = PaO2 of 60 mm Hg
What is hypoxia?
low O2 level in the tissues
What is anoxia
complete lack of O2
The origin of chest pain
may be cardiac or non-cardiac related
Symptoms of ischemic cardiac pain (angina or MI)
- diffuse
-retrosternal pain
-sensation of tightness or achiness in chest
associated w/:
-dyspnea
-sweating
-indigestion
-dizziness
-syncope
-anxiety
Angina Pain scale
1+ light, barely noticeable
2+ moderate, bothersome
3+ sever, very uncomfortable
4+ most severe pain experienced.
