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ANP1105 > Cardiovascular system physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ECG?

A

Electrocardiogram
A graphic recording of electrical activity
Note: like taking a picture

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2
Q

Cardiac muscle cells
S S B F I

A

striated, short, branched, fat, interconnected

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3
Q

Gap junctions

A

used for electrical coupling
FUNCTIONAL SYNCYTIUM

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4
Q

Desmosomes

A

used for strong cell-cell adhesion; hold heart cells together/ prevent from separating during contractions

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5
Q

Which type of muscle contains pacemaker cells?

A

Only Cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Is tetanus possible in cardiac muscle?

A

No. only in skeletal muscle.

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7
Q

What are some similarities with Skeletal and Cardiac muscle?

A
  1. Muscle contraction is preceded by depolarization AP
  2. Excitation-contraction coupling occurs
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8
Q

What are some differences with Skeletal and Cardiac muscle?

A
  1. Stimulation: some cardiac muscle cells are SELF-EXCITABLE
    2.
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9
Q

Contractile muscle fibers?

A

these make up the bulk of the heart and are responsible for pumping action

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10
Q

Explain how the Action Potential occurs in cardiac muscle

A

3 steps:
1. Depolarization
2. Plateau phase
3. Repolarization

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11
Q

Absolute refractory period almost =

A

muscle twitch»allows heart to fill again

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12
Q

heart needs to be stimulated in how many locations?

A

only one. The whole organ responds

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13
Q

Explain the activation of contraction in a cardiac muscle

A

‘drawing’

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14
Q

Does the heart need NS stimulation?

A

NO. however, rhythim can be altered by the ANS

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15
Q

Coordinated heartbeat is a function of

A
  1. Presence of gap junctions
  2. Intrinsic Cardiac Conduction System
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16
Q

Sa node is called the Pacemaker because

A

that group of cells depolarizes the fast cells. fastest rate, set the rate at which the heart is beating. sinus rhythm, how fast the heart beats

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17
Q

Pacemaker potentials:

A

auto-rhythmic cells that have unstable resting membrane potentials due to “funny” sodium that open at negative membrane potentials plus potassium channels that are slow to close

18
Q

In auto-rhythmic cells what causes APs?

A

CALCIUM

19
Q

What causes the influx of Calcium?

A
20
Q

What is the sequence of Excitation?

A

S - Sinoatrial node
A - Atrioventricular (AV) node
A - Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
R - Right and left bundle branches

21
Q

Pacemaker of heart is in the right atrial wall. Why?

A

SA node is fastest, jap junctions, AP to spread fast

22
Q

Where does depolarization take place in the ventricles?

A

In the Apex, through the purkinjie fibers

23
Q

PNS and SNS w/ cardiac

A

Regulate the rate at which the heart is firing

24
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Parasympathetic. Slows down the diastolic rate.

25
Q

ECG records what?

A

only voltage (current flow) and time; only shows electrical events

26
Q

What are the main features of the ECG?

A

P wave
QRS complex
T wave
P-R interval
S-T segment
Q-T interval

27
Q

P wave

A

depolarization of SA node and atria

28
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

29
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

30
Q

P-R interval

A

beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventrical excitation

31
Q

S-T segment

A

entire ventricular myocardium depolarization

32
Q

Q-T interval

A

beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization

33
Q

what type of wave is not shown on an ECG?

A

Atrial repolarization

34
Q

*Depolarization

A

Starts the contraction

35
Q

*Repolarization

A

Relax

36
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

heart beating too slow

37
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

heart beating too fast/faster than normal

38
Q

If you dont have the P wave what does that mean?

A

Does not have a working SA node

39
Q

What does it mean if there are two P waves?

A

2nd degree heart block

40
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

disorganized electrical activity. APs are happening randomly, disorganized

ANP1105 (17 decks)

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