Blood

Question 1

What is the main transport system in human beings?

Answer 1

The circulatory system

Question 2

In the circulatory system what does the blood flow through? (3)

Answer 2

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

Question 3

How many functions of blood are there?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

What are the three functions of blood?

Answer 4

Transport, Regulation, Protection

Question 5

What is a buffer?

Answer 5

It is responsible of reducing the shock of something, reduces the impact.

Question 6

What are the SIX physical characteristics of blood

Answer 6

1. Only fluid tissue in body (connective tissue)
2. More dense, viscous than H2O
3. pH = 7.35-7.45
4. Temp = about 38C
5. Colour is scarlet (O2 rich) to dark red (O2 poor)
6. It’s about 8% of our body weight

Question 7

Acidosis

Answer 7

when the pH is less than 7.35

Question 8

Alkalosis

Answer 8

When the pH is more than 7.45

Question 9

How many liters of blood are there in males? females?

Answer 9

Males: 5-6 L
Females: 4-5 L

Question 10

What are the components of blood?

Answer 10

Plasma, Buffy coat, Erythrocytes

Question 11

What are the formed elements of blood?

Answer 11

The buffy coat and erythrocytes

Question 12

What is the buffy coat made up of?

Answer 12

Leukocytes and platelets

Question 13

What is the composition of Plasma?

Answer 13

It is straw coloured: 90% is water and many solutes

Question 14

What is the role of plasma?

Answer 14

Transport! - take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to different parts of the body

Question 15

What is the role of Albumin?

Answer 15

Helps maintain blood volume

Question 16

What is a Major Osmotic Protein?

Answer 16

Albumin

Question 17

What is a Major Osmotic Ion?

Answer 17

Calcium, potassium

Question 18

Erythrocytes aka RBCs

Answer 18

• Transports oxygen
• small (7.5um) , disc shaped, flexible and biconcave
• has NO nucleus
• no organelles

Question 19

What is the protein that is in RBCs?

Answer 19

SPECTRIN

Question 20

What does Spectrin do?

Answer 20

Maintains cell membrane integrity and its mechanical properties S

Spectrin - Solid

Question 21

Leukocytes aka WBCs

Answer 21

150 thousand to 450 thousand

Question 22

Why are Leukocytes the only ones considered to be complete cells?

Answer 22

Because they have a nucleus and mitochondria

Question 23

What is the area in the body that gets rid of RBCs? (RBC graveyard)

Answer 23

SPLEEN

Question 24

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 24

The protein contained in RBCs that is responsible for DELIVERY OR OXYGEN to the tissues of lungs

Note: red heme pigment bound to protein globin

Question 25

What would happen if we didnt have hemoglobin in our bodies?

Answer 25

Fatigue!

Question 26

RBCs have no Mitochondria. What type of ATP production is used?

Answer 26

Anaerobic ATP production

Question 27

What affects the rate of blood flow?

Answer 27

RBC count!

Question 28

Do men or women have a lower RBC count

Answer 28

Women

Question 29

What is the layout of the heme groups? (4)

Answer 29

• an Fe ion in the center of a ring called porphyrin
• O2 binds to Fe ion in heme group
• OxyHb a different shape and colour than DeoxyHb

Question 30

What is the layout of globin?

Answer 30

4 polypeptide chains (2a and 2B)
- CO2 binds to globin (carbaminohemoglobin)

Question 31

Why is Hb contained in erythrocytes rather than being a plasma protein? (2 reasons)

Answer 31

1. keeps it from fragmenting and being lost
2. keeps it from contributing to osmotic pressure and blood viscosity

Question 32

Hemoglobin layout and function

Answer 32

4 globular subunits. 2 are called alpha chains, two are called beta chains. Each contain one molecule of heme and contain an iron. Oxygen binds to each iron. When oxygen binds to iron in the lungs it is called oxyhb. When the oxyhb travels to oxygen deprived tissues, the oxygen can dissociate, into the tissue renaming it to be deoxyhb. While in the tissue the deoxyhb can pick up a molecule of carbon dioxide and be renamed carbaminoHemoglobin.