Cardiovascular System (CVS)

Question 1

Cyanosis

Answer 1

Bluish discoloration of the feet or toes, indicative of poor blood perfusion.

Question 2

Pitting Edema

Answer 2

Swelling of the lower extremities, but due to cardiovascular complications like CHF or Venous Insufficiency.

Question 3

Temperature Changes

Answer 3

Cold feet, could be indicative of poor blood perfusion.

Question 4

Absent hair growth

Answer 4

Poor blood perfusion stunts hair growth.

Question 5

Claudication

Answer 5

Lower extremity cramping induced by activity, indicative of poor blood perfusion to the lower extremities

Question 6

Pallor

Answer 6

Paleness

Question 7

Capillary refill

Answer 7

Time it takes for color to return to the toe after applying pressure to it.
Normal: less than 2 seconds

Question 8

Skin turgor

Answer 8

Elasticity.

Decreased skin turgor is indicative of dehydration.

Question 9

Pigmentary changes

Answer 9

Ex: Hemosiderosis (brown discoloration from iron accumulation with venous stasis)

Question 10

Dorsalis Pedal Pulses (DT pulses)

Answer 10

Pulses on top of the feet.

2+ = normal
1+ = decreased 
0 = absent

Question 11

Posterior Pedal Pulses (PT pulses)

Answer 11

Pulses behind the tibia

2+ = normal
1+ = decreased 
0 = absent