Cardiovascular System at rest

Question 1

What are the components of the heart you need to know?

Answer 1

Arteries: aorta and pulmonary artery
Veins: vena cava and pulmonary vein
Chambers: right atrium and left atrium right ventricle and left ventricle.
Valves: bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve and aortic semi valve and pulmonary semi valve.

Question 2

What is the definition of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 2

All the events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during one complete heartbeat.

Question 3

What is the definition of systole?

Answer 3

The contraction phase of a heart chamber when it is pumping blood out. (Atrial systole/ventricular systole).

Question 4

What is the definition of diastole?

Answer 4

The relaxation phase of a chamber when it is receiving blood. (Atrial diastole/ventricle diastole).

Question 5

What is the definition of conduction system?

Answer 5

A group of specialised fires sending electrical impulses around the heart causing coordinated contractions.

Question 6

Why is the left side of the heart thicker?

Answer 6

Instead of just having to pump blood to the lungs like the right ventricle, the left ventricle has to pump blood around the entire body therefore it needs a larger muscle to create more power.

Question 7

What are the four stages of the conduction system in simple?

Answer 7

1. Atrial diastole.
2. Atrial systole.
3. Ventricular diastole.
4. ventricular systole.

Question 8

Explain the stages of the conduction system?

Answer 8

1. Atrial diastole – atrophy with blood from vena cava/pulmonary vein. AV valves closed. atrial pressure rises above ventricular pressure. Blood starts to passively move into the ventricles.
2. Atrial systole– S a node fires electrical impulse across atria and atria then contract. AV valves forced open remaining blood pumped into ventricles and semilunar valves closed.
3. ventricular diastole – impulse received by AV node delays for nought.2 seconds while atrial systole finishes. AV valves close. AV node then sends impulse down bundles of his to the purkinje fires in the bottom left and right side of the heart.
4. Ventricular systole– Purkijne fibre penetrate ventricle walls. Semilunar valves forced open. blood removed from heart via aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Question 9

What is the definition of heart rate (HR)?

Answer 9

The number of time the heartbeats per minute (measured in BPM).

Question 10

What is the approximate heart rate for an untrained athlete at rest?

Answer 10

70 bpm.

Question 11

What is the approximate heart rate for a trained athlete at rest?

Answer 11

50 bpm.

Question 12

What is the definition of stroke volume?

Answer 12

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per heartbeat

Question 13

What is the approximate stroke? Volume for an untrained athlete at rest?

Answer 13

70 ml.

Question 14

What is the approximate stroke? Volume for a trained athlete at rest?

Answer 14

100 ml.

Question 15

What is the definition of cardiac output?

Answer 15

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute.

Question 16

What is the approximate cardiac output for both a trained or untrained athlete at rest?

Answer 16

5 L.

Question 17

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 17

Q=HRxSV

Cardiac output equals heart rate times/volume.