Adenosine Triphosphate And Energy Transfer

Question 1

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 1

A high energy immediate source of energy.

Question 2

What is adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

Answer 2

Product formed with the removal of Pi from ATP.

Question 3

What is an enzyme?

Answer 3

A biological catalyst that speeds up reactions.

Question 4

What is ATPase?

Answer 4

The enzyme catalysing the breakdown of ATP.

Question 5

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 5

A chemical reaction causing the release of energy.

Question 6

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 6

A chemical reaction which absorbs energy.

Question 7

What is a coupled reaction?

Answer 7

Where the products of one reaction are used as the reaction are used as the reactants in another reaction.

Question 8

What 4 properties make ATP a good energy source?

Answer 8

1. Small
2. Soluble
3. Easily broken down
4. Easily transported around the cell.

Question 9

What is the ATP-PC system?

Answer 9

1. ATP broken down by ATPase into ADP + Pi + energy
2. PC broken down by creatine Kinase into Pi + C + energy.
3. Energy + ADP + Pi combined to resynthesise ATP.

Question 10

What is the ATP-PC system?

Answer 10

1. ATP broken down by ATPase into ADP + Pi + energy.
2. PC broken down by creatine Kinase into Pi + C + energy.
3. Energy + ADP + Pi combined to resynthesise ATP.

Question 11

What are the advantages of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 11

• very quick as PC stored in muscles.
• no need for 02 as is aerobic.
• provides energy for high intensity exercise
• PC resynthesis time is short so recovery time is also short
• no harmful bi products.

Question 12

What are the disadvantages of the ATP/PC system?

Answer 12

1. PC stores in muscles are limited.
2. Only provides energy for 10-12 seconds.
3. Low yeild

Question 13

What is the Glycolitic system?

Answer 13

Glycogen in the muscles/liver is broken down by the enzyme GPP into glucose, glucose is then broken down into Pyruvate by PFK forming 2 ATP. Which is then further broken down into lactic acid by LDH.

Question 14

What are the advantages of the glycolitic system?

Answer 14

• provides energy for high intensity exercise.
• quick as don’t need to wait for 02.
• dues o glycogen stores, the system has access to more energy for ATP resynthesises.
• 2ATP resynthesises by 1 mole of glucose.

Question 15

What are the disadvantages of the glycolitic system?

Answer 15

• creates harmful bi product lactic acid which slows enzyme function causing fatigue and contraction failure
• still has a relatively low ATP yield compared to the aerobic system.

Question 16

What are the 3 stages of the aerobic system?

Answer 16

1. Aerobic glycolysis.
2. Kerbs cycle.
3. Electron transport change.

Question 17

What occurs during aerobic glycolysis in the Aerobic system?

Answer 17

Glycogen stored in the muscles and liver is broken down by GPP int glucose, glucose is broken into pyruvate by PFK producing 2 ATP, pyruvate is now broken down by Co enzyme A to form Acetyl Co enzyme A.

Question 18

What happens during the kerbs cycle?

Answer 18

Acetyl Co enzyme A from glycolysis combines with Oxaloacetic acid found in the mitochondria to form citric acid which is broken down into 4 things: C02, hydrogen, 2ATP and the regeneration of Oxaloacetic acid.

Question 19

What happens during the electron transport chain?

Answer 19

(H+ and e-) + NAD and FAD to form NADH and FADH.
E- + electron transport chain = 34ATP.
H+ + electron transport chain = H2O.
Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria.

Question 20

What are the advantages of the Aerobic system?

Answer 20

1. Large fuel stores of glycogen allowing for long duration of ATP resynthesis.
2. High ATP yeild
3. No fatiguing bi-products.

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 21

1. Delay of O2 delivery and a series of complex reactions delayed ATP resynthesis.
2. Slow energy re-synthesis limits intensity sub-maximal.