Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is derived from the splanchnic mesoderm
Primordium of heart
What is derived from the paraxial and later mesoderm
Internal ears
What develops from the neural crest cells
Region between the optic vesicles and the caudal limits of teh third pair of somites
Development of the intraembryonic coelom
Spaces appear in the later mesoderm and coalesce to form the intraembryonic coelom
What does the intraembryonic coelom divide
Divides the intraembryonic mesoderm into somatic and splanchnic layers
Vasculogenesis
Formation of new vascular channels by assembly of individual cell precursors called angioblasts
Angiogenesis
Formation of new vessels by budding and branching from preexisting vessels
Primary cardiogenic field
Atrium, left ventricle, portion of right ventricle
Secondary cardiogenic field
Rest of rig t ventricle, bulbous cordis, truncus arteriosus
What do blood islands differentiate
Differentiate mesodermal cells under fgf, form blood vessels via. Vasculogenesis
Vitelline veins
Return poorly oxygenated blood from the umbilical vesicle via the omphaloenteric duct. Veins enter the sinus venosus, left side degenerates while the right side forms the hepatic portal system
Umbilical veins
Carry well oxygenated blood from the chorion to the sinus venosus, right side and cranial part of the left uv between the liver and sinus venosus degenerates. Caudal part of the left uv becomes the umbilical vein, which carries all the blood from the placenta to the embryo
Cardinal veins
Main venous drainage system of the embryo, anterior drains the cranial embryo, posterior drains the caudal embryo. Both join the common cardinal veins which enter the sinus venous.Return poorly oxygenated blood from the embryo, left (posterior) side degenerates, right (anterior) side becomes the brachiocephalic vein
Left right left
Vitelline, umbilical, common cardinal
Sinus venosus
Veinous end of the heart
What does the right vitelline vein become
Hepatic portal system
Ductus venosus
Large venous shunt, develops within the liver and connects the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava
What forms the left brachiocephalic vein
In week 8 the anterior cardinal veins become connected by and anastomosis which shunts blood from the left to the right when the caudal av degenerates
Ivc
Inferior vena cava
When does the ivc form
Forms during a series of changes on the primordial veins of the trunk that occur as blood, returning from the caudal embryo, is shifted from left to right
Hepatic segment
Segment of the ivc , derived from the hepatic vein and hepatic sinusoids
Prerenal segment
Segment of the ivc, Derived from the right sub cardinal vein
Renal segment
Segment of the ivc, derived from the sub cardinal-supracardinal vein
Post rental segment
Segment of the ivc, derived from the right supracardinal vein
When do the pharyngeal arch arteries form
Week 4/5
Pharyngeal arch arteries
Supply blood to the pharyngeal arches, arise from the aortic sac and terminate in the dorsal aorta
Dorsal aorta
Initially run the entire embryo length, caudal portions fuse to form a single lower thoracic/abdominal aorta. Right regresses, left becomes primordial aorta
What forms the primordial aorta
Left dorsal aorta
Intersegmental arteries
Branches of the dorsal aorta, roughly 30 ia’s pass between and carry blood to the somites and their derivatives, for, the vertebral artery in the neck, for, the intercostal arteries in the thorax
What forms the vertebral artery
Intersegmental arteries in the neck join
What forms the intercostal arteries
Intersegmental arteries in the thorax
What do the abdominal inter segmental arteries becomes
Lumber arteries, the 5th pair of lumbar ias re aims as the common iliac arteries
What forms the common iliac arteries
The 5th Lauren of lumbar intersegmental arteries
What forms the sacral arteries
Sacral region of the intersegmental arteries
Fate of the vitelline arteries
Pass to the vesicle and later the primordial gut, which forms the incorporated part of the umbilical vesicle
What vitelline arteries persist
Celiac arterial trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
What brings blood to the foregut
Celiac arterial trunk
What brings blood to midgut
Superior mesenteric artery
What brings blood to hindgut
Inferior mesenteric artery
Fate of the umbilical arteries
Proximal part becomes internal iliac arteries and superior vesicle arteries, whereas the distal part becomes medial umbilical ligament