Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What are the structures of the cardiovascular system?
The blood, blood vessels, the heart
What are red blood cells?
The red blood cells give the blood its red colour because they have haemoglobin. Red blood cells circulate through the lungs the haemoglobin picks up oxygen and carries it to the body cells.
What is plasma?
Plasma carries blood to other body cells. It also carries substances needed by cells for proper functioning. These include protein, fats, and carbohydrates..
What are white blood cells?
They protect the body against infection
What are platelets?
Cells necessary for clotting blood
What are arteries?
Arteries carry bright red oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body tissues. Wall contract and relaxes the heartbeats to push blood.
What are capillaries?
Nutrients, oxygen and other substance passed from capillaries and cells and waste products, including carbon dioxide pass from cells into the bloodstream.
Capillaries are very tiny
What are veins?
Fans carry dark red blood that is low in oxygen back to the heart for the body tissues.
Prevent backflow
What does the left side of the heart do?
Receives, which has just passed through lungs
Blood is high and oxygen low carbon dioxide
Pump blood to the body
What does the right side of the heart do?
Receives blood from body
Blood is low in oxygen and high and carbon dioxide
Pump blood to the lungs
What are the three layers of the heart?
The pericardium(endocardium)-the outer layer
Myocardium -the second layer
The endocardium -the inner layer.
What are the chambers of the heart?
Upper-left atrium right atrium
Lower -left ventricle right ventricle
What’s the purpose of the valves in the heart?
Allows blood to flow one way into the heart
What are the phases of heart action?
Diastole-resting
Systole- working
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
Carrie oxygen food and other substances to body cells
Carrie waste products away
Hormones which regulate body process
Carries antibodies and white blood cells
Aids and body temperature
Changes with age in the cardiovascular system
Arteriosclerosis
Hypertension
Heart becomes less effective
What is atriosclerosis?
Thickening and hardening of a material walls and loss of elasticity of the arteries
Results in less oxygen and nutrients being supplied
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
Arteries are more rich the pressure inside the vessel goes up
What are the adverse effects of immobility?
edema
Blood clots
Dizziness
What is edema?
Blood poles in the veins
Swelling of legs
What are some cardiovascular disorders?
Hypertension
Coronary artery disease
Peripheral vascular disease
What is coronary artery disease?
CAD
When coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked .
What are risk factors for coronary artery disease?
Hypertension
Older age
Men
Family history
Lifestyle factors
What are some heart diseases?
Heart attack
Congestive heart failure
What is myocardial infarction?
Heart attack
When one or more of the coronary arteries has become blocked
What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction?
Chest pain
Irregular weak or thread pulse
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Shock like symptoms
What is congestive heart failure?
The heart is worn out in diseased and can no longer function adequately
Blood becomes congested in the lungs and lower legs, causing edema .
What are signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure?
Congestion in the lungs
Difficulty breathing - rapid
Weight gain due to fluid retention
What are the types of pacemakers?
Fixed rate-the rate is fixed between 60 to 70 bpm this is only used if part is totally dependent on electrical simulation
Demand pacemaker-most common. When the heartbeat falls below a predetermined rate the pacemaker takes over
