Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Myocardium makes up ~___% of the heart wall
95
Cardiac muscle tissue’s properties
striated skeletal muscle tissue, involuntary
The ____ also drains venous blood into the right atrium from the myocardium of the heart.
coronary sinus
The ____ wall is also longer and more conical in shape than
the right and forms the apex of the heart.
left ventricle
Left Ventricle is _X as thick as the right ventricle
3
The _____, a small depression is present on the ___ septum,
which is the embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, an opening in the
fetal heart that closes shortly after birth.
fossa ovalis, interatrial
Blood from one side of the heart never mixes with blood from the
otherside, except in ____
fetus
______ is essential for proper fetal circulation, directing O2, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta
Foramen ovale
_____ is shallow depression in adult
Fossa ovali
Structural defect in interatrial septum or inter-ventricular septum, e.g., _____
Atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect
string-like _____, which are attached at the opposite end to the ventricular wall or ____ muscles. They prevent the valve from prolapsing into the
right atrium.
chordae tendineae, papillary
Mitral valve stenosis’s symptoms
shortness of breath,
irregular heartbeats or heart sounds (murmur),
dizziness,
chest pain,
coughing up blood,
or fatigue, especially during increased activity / during exercise.
It could go unnoticed or worsen slowly
____ can be caused by a complication of strep throat called rheumatic fever
Mitral valve stenosis
Mitral valve stenosis’s treatment
medication, mitral valve repair, or replacement surgery, depending on the severity
The ____ arteries (right & left ) supply blood to the
myocardium. Their openings lie just superior to the ____ valve.
coronary, aortic
_____ provide alternate pathways for blood to flow and to
supply oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium when a coronary artery is
blocked
Collateral circulation
Ischemia deprives myocardial cells of oxygen, producing
a painful condition called _____
angina pectoris
_____: the pain usually happens during physical activity, when oxygen demand exceeds supply. Pain lessens with rest.
Feels like heavy pressure, tightening, or squeezing in the
chest, usually behind the sternum or in the anterior upper
thorax
Angina pectoris
Profuse perspiration (____), difficulty breathing
(dyspnea), nausea, or vomiting may occur when having angina pectoris
diaphoresis
Cardiac muscle
Able to contract rhythmically independent of any nerve supply - ___ (no nerves required)
intrinsic
Cardiac muscle’s difference from skeletal muscle:
cardiac cells:
short, fat,
branched, and
interconnected
