Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Olivia Hunter

Functions of Cardiovascular System (4)

Transport blood through the body/cells
Carries oxygen and nutrients to body/cells
Removes carbon dioxide and waste from body/cells
Fights disease

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Consists of what

Heart, blood, and the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)

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How many times does your heart beat in your life

2.5 billion beats

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CVS (cardiovascular system) contains a network of

blood vessels with 2 loops

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The first loop leads from the heart to the lungs

where the blood releases carbon dioxide, picks up O2 and returns to the heart

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The second loop goes to the rest of the body delivering

O2 and nutrients and picks up waste

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Four Chambers

Atrium
Ventricles
Septum
Valves

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Atrium

smaller chambers on top – receives the blood entering the heart
Electrical impulses are generated here moving blood to the ventricles (pacemaker)

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Ventricles

large chambers on the bottom – pump blood to the body

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Septum

wall of tissue that separates the atria and ventricles

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Valves

between the atria and ventricles

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Heartbeat sound is produced by

the opening and closing of these valves

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Deoxygenated blood

carried to the right side of the heart by the way of the vena cava

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Circulation of deoxygenated blood

The blood enters the right side of the heart and then flows to the lungs
Once at the lungs, it deposits carbon dioxide and other waste and picks up oxygen.
Blood then flows to the left side of the heart where it is pumped to the rest of the body

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Blood does what

delivers oxygen, hormones and nutrients to cells and carries away waste

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Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) are formed in

the marrow of the bones

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Hemoglobin

oxygen carrying protein in the blood cells

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White blood cells (WBC’S)

produced in marrow of bone

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Main role of WBC’s

is to protect body against infections (part of the bodies immune system) (antibodies)

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Arteries

blood vessels that take blood away from the heart (contain oxygen) – red color

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Major arteries

Aortic– main artery – heart
Femoral– leg artery
Brachial– artery in the arms
Carotid– artery of Neck/Head

Capillaries

smallest vessels that connect arteries to veins

Veins

blood vessels that return blood to the heart (no oxygen) – purple color

Blood Pressure

the force with which the blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels

Normal range

90/60 to 119/79

Low range

lower than 90/60

High range:

greater than 140/90

How much blood should an adult have

4-6 quarts

4 components

Plasma: liquid component – 55% Red Blood Cells: the cells that carry the O2 White Blood Cells: cells that fight off disease Platelets: Clot the bloods

Blood types

A, B, AB and O

Blood types is determined by

the different proteins that are present and presence or absence of the RH factor protein

If blood cells have the RH factor, if not

your blood is said to be RH positive, If not = RH negative

What percent of people are RH positive

85%

Transfusions happen when...

in cases of injury, surgery of illness

universal donor type – needed most in blood banks!

O negative

rarest blood type

AB negative

Hypertension

high blood pressure – “silent killer” – asymptomatic (no symptoms)

Causes of Cardiovascular diseases

too much sodium/overweight/smoking and stress

Blood Cholesterol Carried on lipoproteins (2)

Low-density lipoprotein – transports cholesterol to body tissues for storage – “bad” High-density lipoprotein – pick up excess cholesterol from body tissues and carry to liver – “good”

Atherosclerosis

Hardening/thickening of the arteries due to plaque buildup!

Heart Attack

A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle

Stroke

Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply

More causes of Cardiovascular diseases

high blood pressure/high cholesterol/overweight/smoking

Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases

Exercise Low fat/plant – based diet Avoid smoking

Functions of Respiratory System

Brings oxygen into the body (Inhale) Removes carbon dioxide from the body (Exhale)

Pathway to air

Nose – air enters the body through two nostrils Pharynx – Air moves from the nose into the throat, or pharynx Trachea – The trachea leads from the pharynx toward the lungs Bronchus – Air movies from the trachea into the right and left bronchi Lung – After air reaches the lungs, it moves through smaller and smaller airways until it reaches the alveoli

Alveoli

At the end of small tubes in lungs – tiny sacs called alveoli (where gases are exchanged) *Oxygen/Carbon dioxide

Breathing Process – 2 Steps

Inhalation: air flows in diaphragm – (dome shaped muscle) Exhalation: air goes out diaphragm

How to keep a healthy respiratory system?

Avoid smoking Avoid air pollution Exercise Healthy body weight

Common Problems in respiratory system

Asthma: respiratory disorder where your airways become inflamed creating excess mucus Bronchitis: inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchi Pneumonia: lung inflammation caused by a bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid