Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Functions of Cardiovascular System (4)
Transport blood through the body/cells
Carries oxygen and nutrients to body/cells
Removes carbon dioxide and waste from body/cells
Fights disease
Consists of what
Heart, blood, and the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)
How many times does your heart beat in your life
2.5 billion beats
CVS (cardiovascular system) contains a network of
blood vessels with 2 loops
The first loop leads from the heart to the lungs
where the blood releases carbon dioxide, picks up O2 and returns to the heart
The second loop goes to the rest of the body delivering
O2 and nutrients and picks up waste
Four Chambers
Atrium
Ventricles
Septum
Valves
Atrium
smaller chambers on top – receives the blood entering the heart
Electrical impulses are generated here moving blood to the ventricles (pacemaker)
Ventricles
large chambers on the bottom – pump blood to the body
Septum
wall of tissue that separates the atria and ventricles
Valves
between the atria and ventricles
Heartbeat sound is produced by
the opening and closing of these valves
Deoxygenated blood
carried to the right side of the heart by the way of the vena cava
Circulation of deoxygenated blood
The blood enters the right side of the heart and then flows to the lungs
Once at the lungs, it deposits carbon dioxide and other waste and picks up oxygen.
Blood then flows to the left side of the heart where it is pumped to the rest of the body
Blood does what
delivers oxygen, hormones and nutrients to cells and carries away waste
Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) are formed in
the marrow of the bones
Hemoglobin
oxygen carrying protein in the blood cells
White blood cells (WBC’S)
produced in marrow of bone
Main role of WBC’s
is to protect body against infections (part of the bodies immune system) (antibodies)
Arteries
blood vessels that take blood away from the heart (contain oxygen) – red color
Major arteries
Aortic– main artery – heart
Femoral– leg artery
Brachial– artery in the arms
Carotid– artery of Neck/Head
Capillaries
smallest vessels that connect arteries to veins
Veins
blood vessels that return blood to the heart (no oxygen) – purple color
Blood Pressure
the force with which the blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels
Normal range
90/60 to 119/79
Low range
lower than 90/60
High range:
greater than 140/90
How much blood should an adult have
4-6 quarts
4 components
Plasma: liquid component – 55%
Red Blood Cells: the cells that carry the O2
White Blood Cells: cells that fight off disease
Platelets: Clot the bloods
Blood types
A, B, AB and O
Blood types is determined by
the different proteins that are present and presence or absence of the RH factor protein
If blood cells have the RH factor, if not
your blood is said to be RH positive,
If not = RH negative
What percent of people are RH positive
85%
Transfusions happen when…
in cases of injury, surgery of illness
universal donor type – needed most in blood banks!
O negative
rarest blood type
AB negative
Hypertension
high blood pressure – “silent killer” – asymptomatic (no symptoms)
Causes of Cardiovascular diseases
too much sodium/overweight/smoking and stress
Blood Cholesterol
Carried on lipoproteins
(2)
Low-density lipoprotein – transports cholesterol to body tissues for storage – “bad”
High-density lipoprotein – pick up excess cholesterol from body tissues and carry to liver – “good”
Atherosclerosis
Hardening/thickening of the arteries due to plaque buildup!
Heart Attack
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
Stroke
Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply
More causes of Cardiovascular diseases
high blood pressure/high cholesterol/overweight/smoking
Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases
Exercise
Low fat/plant – based diet
Avoid smoking
Functions of Respiratory System
Brings oxygen into the body (Inhale)
Removes carbon dioxide from the body (Exhale)
Pathway to air
Nose – air enters the body through two nostrils
Pharynx – Air moves from the nose into the throat, or pharynx
Trachea – The trachea leads from the pharynx toward the lungs
Bronchus – Air movies from the trachea into the right and left bronchi
Lung – After air reaches the lungs, it moves through smaller and smaller airways until it reaches the alveoli
Alveoli
At the end of small tubes in lungs – tiny sacs called alveoli (where gases are exchanged) *Oxygen/Carbon dioxide
Breathing Process – 2 Steps
Inhalation: air flows in diaphragm – (dome shaped muscle)
Exhalation: air goes out diaphragm
How to keep a healthy respiratory system?
Avoid smoking
Avoid air pollution
Exercise
Healthy body weight
Common Problems in respiratory system
Asthma: respiratory disorder where your airways become inflamed creating excess mucus
Bronchitis: inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchi
Pneumonia: lung inflammation caused by a bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid
