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Health > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Cardiovascular System (4)

A

Transport blood through the body/cells
Carries oxygen and nutrients to body/cells
Removes carbon dioxide and waste from body/cells
Fights disease

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2
Q

Consists of what

A

Heart, blood, and the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)

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3
Q

How many times does your heart beat in your life

A

2.5 billion beats

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4
Q

CVS (cardiovascular system) contains a network of

A

blood vessels with 2 loops

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5
Q

The first loop leads from the heart to the lungs

A

where the blood releases carbon dioxide, picks up O2 and returns to the heart

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6
Q

The second loop goes to the rest of the body delivering

A

O2 and nutrients and picks up waste

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7
Q

Four Chambers

A

Atrium
Ventricles
Septum
Valves

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8
Q

Atrium

A

smaller chambers on top – receives the blood entering the heart
Electrical impulses are generated here moving blood to the ventricles (pacemaker)

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9
Q

Ventricles

A

large chambers on the bottom – pump blood to the body

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10
Q

Septum

A

wall of tissue that separates the atria and ventricles

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11
Q

Valves

A

between the atria and ventricles

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12
Q

Heartbeat sound is produced by

A

the opening and closing of these valves

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13
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

carried to the right side of the heart by the way of the vena cava

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14
Q

Circulation of deoxygenated blood

A

The blood enters the right side of the heart and then flows to the lungs
Once at the lungs, it deposits carbon dioxide and other waste and picks up oxygen.
Blood then flows to the left side of the heart where it is pumped to the rest of the body

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15
Q

Blood does what

A

delivers oxygen, hormones and nutrients to cells and carries away waste

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16
Q

Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) are formed in

A

the marrow of the bones

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17
Q

Hemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying protein in the blood cells

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18
Q

White blood cells (WBC’S)

A

produced in marrow of bone

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19
Q

Main role of WBC’s

A

is to protect body against infections (part of the bodies immune system) (antibodies)

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20
Q

Arteries

A

blood vessels that take blood away from the heart (contain oxygen) – red color

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21
Q

Major arteries

A

Aortic– main artery – heart
Femoral– leg artery
Brachial– artery in the arms
Carotid– artery of Neck/Head

22
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest vessels that connect arteries to veins

23
Q

Veins

A

blood vessels that return blood to the heart (no oxygen) – purple color

24
Q

Blood Pressure

A

the force with which the blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels

25
Q

Normal range

A

90/60 to 119/79

26
Q

Low range

A

lower than 90/60

27
Q

High range:

A

greater than 140/90

28
Q

How much blood should an adult have

A

4-6 quarts

29
Q

4 components

A

Plasma: liquid component – 55%
Red Blood Cells: the cells that carry the O2
White Blood Cells: cells that fight off disease
Platelets: Clot the bloods

30
Q

Blood types

A

A, B, AB and O

31
Q

Blood types is determined by

A

the different proteins that are present and presence or absence of the RH factor protein

32
Q

If blood cells have the RH factor, if not

A

your blood is said to be RH positive,
If not = RH negative

33
Q

What percent of people are RH positive

A

85%

34
Q

Transfusions happen when…

A

in cases of injury, surgery of illness

35
Q

universal donor type – needed most in blood banks!

A

O negative

36
Q

rarest blood type

A

AB negative

37
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure – “silent killer” – asymptomatic (no symptoms)

38
Q

Causes of Cardiovascular diseases

A

too much sodium/overweight/smoking and stress

39
Q

Blood Cholesterol
Carried on lipoproteins
(2)

A

Low-density lipoprotein – transports cholesterol to body tissues for storage – “bad”
High-density lipoprotein – pick up excess cholesterol from body tissues and carry to liver – “good”

40
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening/thickening of the arteries due to plaque buildup!

41
Q

Heart Attack

A

A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle

42
Q

Stroke

A

Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply

43
Q

More causes of Cardiovascular diseases

A

high blood pressure/high cholesterol/overweight/smoking

44
Q

Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases

A

Exercise
Low fat/plant – based diet
Avoid smoking

45
Q

Functions of Respiratory System

A

Brings oxygen into the body (Inhale)
Removes carbon dioxide from the body (Exhale)

46
Q

Pathway to air

A

Nose – air enters the body through two nostrils
Pharynx – Air moves from the nose into the throat, or pharynx
Trachea – The trachea leads from the pharynx toward the lungs
Bronchus – Air movies from the trachea into the right and left bronchi
Lung – After air reaches the lungs, it moves through smaller and smaller airways until it reaches the alveoli

47
Q

Alveoli

A

At the end of small tubes in lungs – tiny sacs called alveoli (where gases are exchanged) *Oxygen/Carbon dioxide

48
Q

Breathing Process – 2 Steps

A

Inhalation: air flows in diaphragm – (dome shaped muscle)
Exhalation: air goes out diaphragm

49
Q

How to keep a healthy respiratory system?

A

Avoid smoking
Avoid air pollution
Exercise
Healthy body weight

50
Q

Common Problems in respiratory system

A

Asthma: respiratory disorder where your airways become inflamed creating excess mucus
Bronchitis: inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchi
Pneumonia: lung inflammation caused by a bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid

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