Alcohol Flashcards
Psychoactive drug
is a chemical substance that changes the function of the nervous system and results in alterations of perception, mood, cognition, and behavior.
Is a _____ that slows down the brain and body reactions.
depressant drug
Ethanol
type of alcohol in Alcohol – toxic substance found in plastics, lacquers, gasoline and drugs!
Fermentation
Process of making alcohol
Alcohol content
Ranges from 4 to 50%
Beer
Wine
Hard Liquor
4%
10%
50% (whiskey, vodka, etc.)
Factors that influence teen drinking
Peer pressure
Family
Media
Escape reality
Boredom
Etc.
Alcohol’s Effects on the body
Goes directly into the bloodstream when consumed/does not need to be digested
Intoxication
a state in which a person’s mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol
Effects of drinking
Lose judgment
Lose self-control
Lose inhibitions
Blackouts – can’t recall events
Blood alcohol Concentration (BAC)
The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage
0.08% or over =
drunk
Factors that affect BAC
Rate of consumption
Gender
Body size
Amount of food in the stomach
Binge drinking
is the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol in one sitting *(Extremely dangerous)
Hangover
Term used to describe the after effects of drinking
(Nausea, headache, sensitivity to noise)
Drinking and driving
Alcohol involved in 40% of fatal motor crashes
Driving while intoxicated (DWI) =
BAC exceeds 0.08%
how much tolerance for underage drinkers who are stopped
ZERO
Long – Term risks physically
Brain damage
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome – (baby born addicted)
Liver damage – lead to Cirrhosis
Heart Disease/High blood pressure
Strokes
Cancers
What is in grapes
Resveratol
Alcoholism
A disease in which people can no longer control their intake of alcohol
Who is at risk?
Anyone who drinks!
Children of alcoholics are
5 times greater
Stages of Alcoholism
Social drinker (occasionally at meals and special occasions)
Absolute Dependence: Start their day with a drink - can’t stop after one drink – Dependent on it!
(Can be hidden in this stage)
Late stage: Experience serious health problems both mental and physical – Can become abusive!
(no longer can be hidden)
Effects of alcoholism on others:
10,000 deaths – car crashes per year!
Abuse in families of alcoholics – epidemic!
Many children become alcoholics
Treatment
First step – Must acknowledge you have a problem
Detoxification – remove all alcohol from the body – leads to WITHDRAWAL
Rehabilitation – learning to cope without alcohol
Support Groups
AA – Alcoholics Anonymous – major one! 12 steps!
MADD – Mothers against drunk driving
SADD – Students against drunk driving
Best rule of Thumb is
Sobriety: Completely refraining from a particular behavior or substance.
Tobacco
“noxious weed”
Tobacco use is the number 1 cause of
preventable death in the world
(8 million deaths per year! – 500,000 in USA)
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
Cigars
Pipes
Smokeless tobacco
Habit
regular practice or tendency that is hard to give up
Addictive drug
a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence
Nicotine
The addictive drug form (agent) in tobacco - *more addictive than heroine or cocaine!
Stimulant
a drug that increases the action of the Central Nervous System
Tobacco smoke is
toxic
How many different cancer-causing carcinogens
43
How many chemicals?
5,000
Tar
thick, sticky, dark fluid
Destroys cilia
Damages aveoli
Destroys lung tissue
Carbon monoxide
poisonous gas
Deprives tissues and cells of oxygen
Causes hardening of the arteries
Life expectancy is
10 years shorter for smokers!
Harmful effects of pipes/cigars:
Contain more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes!
Higher risk of lip, mouth and throat cancers (oral)
Harmful effects of smokeless tobacco
(Snuff, chewing tobacco) Smokeless tobacco: tobacco sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed
Carcinogens are absorbed into the bloodstream through mucous membranes of nose or mouth
Just as addictive as cigarettes!
Leukoplakia
White, leathery looking spots on the inside of the mouth/nose that can turn into oral cancer
Short term effects of tobacco:
Craving sensation – brain
Withdrawal symptoms – brain
Increased respiration (breathing)
Dull taste buds
Long term effects of tobacco
Chronic bronchitis (damage cilia)
Emphysema (destroys airways – can’t breathe)
Lung Cancer
Coronary heart disease and Stroke
Other negative consequences of tobacco
Legal problems – must be 21
Financial problems – very expensive
Why some teens choose to smoke
Peer pressure/Cool
Control weight
Cope with stress
Make them seem mature/adult
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) – or secondhand smoke
is air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke Two Types of ETS
Mainstream smoke
the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker
Sidestream smoke
the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette
Effects of ETS on nonsmokers
Eye irritation
Coughing
Worsens asthma
Lung cancer
Effects of smoking on the unborn
Miscarriage
Addiction
Deformities
Still births
Effects on Infants/Children
reased risk of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
Increased risk of asthma
More likely to smoke as adults
Electronic cigarettes/Vaping
The inhaling of a vapor created by an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette)
Aka JUULs and vape pens. The “e-juice” that fills the cartridges usually contains
nicotine, or cannabis, flavorings and other chemicals
Short term dangers
Rapid onset of coughing
Breathing difficulties
Weight loss
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Long Term dangers
They don’t know yet
Most common way to combat cigarettes
Nicotine replacement therapy
Gum
Patches
Lozenges
