Cardiovascular system (1) - 25%

Question 1

What three things make up the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

The Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

Question 2

Structure of the heart

Answer 2

See diagram

Question 3

What 6 steps make up the Cardiac Cycle?

Answer 3

1. Pulmonary vein to the left atrium
2. Left ventricle
3. Aortic valve to the aorta and the systemic circulation
4. Superior and inferior vena cava to the right atrium
5. Tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
6. Pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary circulation

Question 4

What is Coronary Circulation?

Answer 4

Coronary veins running alongside the arteries, draining all coronary blood into a large vein and into the right atrium

Question 5

What does Diastole mean?

Answer 5

The relaxation phase during which the chambers fill with blood

Question 6

What does Systole mean?

Answer 6

contraction phase during which the chambers eject blood

Question 7

What are the two Atrioventricular valves (AV valves) and What are the two Semilunar valves? 

Answer 7

AV valves - Bicuspid and Tricuspid

SV valves - Pulmonary valve and Aortic valve

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tUWOF6wEnk

Question 8

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 8

Pulse pressure - the difference between

systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 9

Electrical activity of the heart

Answer 9

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xUifyll2Oc
1. Involuntary, initiated by the autorhythmic cells, which are SAN, AVN, Bundles of His & Purkinje fibres
2. SA Node (pacemaker potential) initiates the action potential
3. Action potential causes calcium release (depolarisation)
4. Calcium release causes muscle contraction

5. Potassium release causes muscle relaxation (repolarisation)
   heart

Question 10

What is Cardiac output?

Answer 10

Volume of blood pumped from the heart in one minute

Question 11

What is Heart rate?

Answer 11

Beats per minute

Question 12

What is Stroke volume?

Answer 12

Volume of blood pumped from the heart in each contraction

Question 13

What are the three main types of blood vessels? 

Answer 13

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 14

What are the function of Arteries and three characteristics?

Answer 14

Carry blood away from the heart (always oxygenated apart from the pulmonary artery which goes to the lungs.

• Thick muscular walls
• Small internal lumen
• Contain blood under high pressure

Question 15

What are four characteristics of Capillaries?

Answer 15

Found in the muscles and lungs

Microscopic – one cell thick (gas exchange)

Very low blood pressure

Oxygen passes through the capillary wall and into the tissues, carbon dioxide passes from the tissues into the blood

Question 16

What are the functions of Veins and four characteristics?

Answer 16

• Carry blood to the heart (always de- oxygenated apart from the pulmonary vein which goes from the lungs to the heart)

• Thin walls
• Large internal lumen
• Contain blood under low pressure
• Contain semi-lunar valves to prevent blood flowing backwards

Question 17

Pressure, resistance and blood flow (Fact Card)

Answer 17

• Increases in blood flow during exercise are achieved by decrease in resistance and small rise in blood pressure
• Resistance to flow directly proportional to the length of the vessel and viscosity of the blood
• Diameter of the blood vessel most important

• Resistance = length of vessel x viscosity of blood
/ radius

• O2 delivery - vasoconstriction / vasodilation