Cardiovascular Symptoms Flashcards
1
Q
Hypertension:
A
This is essentially a sign for fucking everything.
Diagnosed first by doing ABPM
2
Q
Atherosclerosis:
A
XXX
3
Q
Stable Angina:
A
- Retrosternal chest pain
- Pain radiating to the left arm and jaw
- Breathlessness on exertion, during emotional stress, after a meal or cold whether
- Fatigue
- Nausea
4
Q
STEMI:
A
- Retrosternal chest pain on exertion OR at rest
- Pain radiating to the jaw, neck and left arm
- Dyspnoea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Syncope
- Atypical presentation is seen in women, the elderly diabetics due to reduced pain sensation. Chest pain may not be present
5
Q
Mitral Stenosis:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Dysphagia
- Horseness of the voice
- Haemoptysis
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
6
Q
Mitral Regurgitation:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
7
Q
Aortic Stenosis:
A
- Long asymptomatic phase (sudden onset)
- Angina
- Syncope
- Heart failure
- Dyspnoea
8
Q
Aortic Regurgitation:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Fatigue
- Orthopnea
- Angina
- PND
- Pallor
9
Q
Heart Failure:
A
- Oedema
- Reduced exercise tolerance/capacity
- Dyspnoea
- Fatigue
- Syncope
Specifically for LHF:
- Orthopnea
- Dyspnoea
- PND
- Fatigue
- Nocturnal cough with pink frothy sputum)
- Weight loss
Specifically for RHF:
- Peripheral oedema
- Ascites
- Nausea
- Epistaxis (nose bleeds)
10
Q
Atrial fibrillation:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Fatigue
- Syncope
- Chest pain
- Often asymptomatic
- Palpitations
11
Q
Acute limb ischaemia:
A
6 P’s
- Pain
- Pallor
- Pulsness
- Perishingly cold
- Paralysis
- Parasthesia (prickling sensation in the hands and fingers)
12
Q
Chronic limb ischaemia:
A
Fontaine classification: 1 = Asymptomatic 2a = Claudication when walking >200m 2b = Claudication when walking <200m 3 = Pain at rest 4 = Gangrene
In terms of claudication, the leg pain is mainly in the thighs, is relieved by rest and exacerbated by exercise
13
Q
Abdominal aortic aneurysm:
A
- Asymptomatic
- Abdominal pain
- Back pain
- Loin pain
- Groin pain
- Painful pulsatile sensation
14
Q
Thoracic aneurysm:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Dysphagia
- Hoarseness of the voice
- Sharp chest pain RADIATING to the back
15
Q
Infective endocarditis:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Malaise
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
16
Q
Aortic dissection:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Chest pain which is severe
- Syncope
17
Q
Restrictive cardiomyopathy:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Fatigue
- Symptoms similar to that of constrictive pericarditis
- Oedema
18
Q
Dilated cardiomyopathy:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Orthopnea
- PND
- Fatigue
- Progressive, slow onset
- Ankle oedema
- Weight GAIN (due to fluid overload)
- Chest pain
- Cough
19
Q
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
A
- Dyspnoea (exertional)
- Fatigue
- Syncope/pre-exertional syncope
- Syncope related to LVOT or obstruction
- Many patients are asymptomatic
- Chest pain (exertional) - the type you get in angina
- Sudden cardiac death
20
Q
Myocarditis:
A
- Dyspnoea, orthopoea
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
21
Q
Pericarditis:
A
- Dyspnoea
- Central pleuritic chest pain which is relieved by SITTING FORWARD and worsened by inspiration or lying flat
- Fever
