Cardiovascular Physiology II ( Lectures 37 -41) Flashcards
What are the two major phases of the cardiac cycle. Explain
Systole– when there is ventricular contraction / blood ejects from the heart
Diastole– where there is ventricular relaxation, blood moves into the heart.
What are the 2 discrete periods of systole
Isovolumetric ventricular systole
- -Since all valves are closed at this period, the ventricular volume is constant.
- The ventricles are still contracting raising the ventricular blood pressure
Ventricular ejection
- -the semilunar valves open
- when ventricular pressure exceeds aorta/ pulmonary artery pressure
What is stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected
= End diastolic volume - end systolic volume
a typical value is about 70mL
what are the 2 discrete period of diastole
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
– since AV notes and semilunar valves are closed at this point, the ventricular volume is constant
Ventricular filling
- The AV valves open and blood flows from the Atria to the ventricles.
- Atrial contraction comes AFTER the diastole
Order of the wiggers diagram
mid-to-late diastole
systole
early diastole
What is systolic Pressure
maximal aortic pressure reached
What is the dicrotic notch
When Semilunar valves close at the end, causing a transient increase in aortic pressure
(T/F) Atrial contraction comes in the same time with diastole
False
80% of filling occurs before atrial contraction
Atrial contraction comes AFTER diastole
(T/F) heart sounds are generated by the snapping shut of heat valves
False
What generates heart sounds
They are generated by turbulent blood flow generated from the valve closing.
Abnormal heart sounds are called _____
murmurs
What is a stenotic valve
Stenotic valve is when the valve is narrowing. This leads to a high pitched sound or click
What is incompetent valve
incompetent valve is when the valve does not close shut properly, leading blood to flow backward
There is a “swoosh” sound in this
What is the first heart sound generated
The first heart sound is generated by the closing of AV valves simultaneously
Second heart sound generated
generated by the closing of semilunar valves simultaneously
What is hypotension and hypertension
Hypotension: blood pressure falls too low and blood flow in unable to overcome opposition of gravity
Hypertension: blood pressure is chronically elevated.
The first sound you hear when measuring blood pressure is the _______. the sound is called the ____. When you no longer hear sounds, the pressure is the _____ pressure.
diastolic pressure
Korotkoff sound
Systolic
____ is used to measure blood pressure because it is close to aortic pressure.
Brachial artery
MAP is used to represent _____. It is estimated with the formula–
driving pressure
Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
Pulse pressure is the ____. It is calculated by the formula :
measure of strength in pressure wave
Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
The highest pressure exits in the ____ and ____ as it goes through the circulatory system. This is due to …
arteries
decreases
due to friction and the resistance in the vessesl
When drawing blood, a tourniquet used to stop ____ ,
outflow of the low pressure veins.
Characteristics of the arteries is that they are ___ and ____.
This causes them to serve as _____ which maintains ______ during ____
stiff and elastic.
pressure reservoir
blood flow during ventricular relaxation
As arteries divide into smaller and smaller arteries, the characteristics change and become _______ and ____
less elastic and more muscular
The walls of arterioles have several layers of _____ that can contract and relax to control ____ under the influence of chemical signals.
smooth muscle
blood flow
Systemic veins have _______ characteristics and serve as a _____
thin layers that can hold a lot of blood.
It is high in compliance
volume reservoir
What is cardiac output
Formula is
The amount of blood pumped out each ventricle in 1 minute
heart rate * Stroke volume
Cardiac output is ___ for each side of the heart
Same
Ventricular myocardium is regulated by the ____ NS
sympathetic
change in blood pressure is detected by the ____ and ___
carotid and aortic baroreceptors
In response to the carotid and aortic baroreceptors, the _____ intergrates sensory input and initiates response in teh ____ and ___
Cardiac output
total pressure resistance
Heart Rate is controlled by _____ control
antagonistic
