Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
what cardiovascular drugs may be used to prevent further disease?
- anti platelet drugs
- lipid lowering drugs
- anticoagulants
- diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
- anti-arrhythmias
what drugs may be used to reduce symptoms of current cardiovascular disease?
- diuretics
- nitrates
- calcium channel blockers
- ACE inhibitors
- anti-arrhythmics
what are examples of anti-platelet drugs?
- aspirin
- clopidogrel
- dipyridamole
how does aspirin work as an anti-platelet drug?
by inhibiting platelet aggregation
how may anti-platelet drugs affect dental treatment?
prolonged bleeding/excess bleeding
how do oral anticoagulants work?
reduce activation of the clotting cascade series which in turn reduces the amount of fibrin formed
what are examples of oral anti-coagulant drugs?
- warfarin
- apixiban
how does warfarin work as an anti-coagulant?
inhibits synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors
protein C, protein S and clotting factors 2, 7, 9 & 10
what test is carried out on patients who take warfarin?
INR test
what is the INR range that is safe to perform dental procedures without extra advice?
INR range 2-4
what medications can a dentist NOT prescribe to a warfarin patient?
NSAID analgesics
example of a statin drugs?
- simvastatin
what drug interaction may occur to a patient on statins?
FLUCONAZOLE interaction (anti fungal treatment)
what condition can beta blockers make worse and why?
- make heart failure & asthma worse
- reduce heart efficacy
- block beta receptors in lungs
how do beta blockers work?
prevent increase in heart rate
- cause postural hypotension
- prevent heart arrhythmias which can lead to MI
what are diuretics used for?
used to treat:
- hypertension
- heart failure
how do diuretics function?
increase salt and water LOSS
oral side effects of diuretics?
dry mouth in the elderly
what are the two types of Nitrates drugs?
- short acting
- long acting
what is an example of a short acting nitrate drug & what it is used for?
GTN spray (administered sub lingually) - emergency management of angina pectoris
what is the purpose of long acting nitrate drugs?
prevention of angina pectoris
how do Nitrates work?
- dilate veins
- dilate resistance arteries
- dilate collateral coronary artery
why are nitrates not given orally?
they are inactivated by first pass metabolism
how are Nitrates administered?
- sublingual
- transdermal
- intravenous
what conditions are Calcium channel blockers used to treat?
- hypertension
- migraines
oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers?
gingival hyperplasia
how do calcium channel blockers work to treat CV problems?
- block calcium channels in smooth muscle
- causes relaxation and vasodilation
how do ACE inhibitors work?
- inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- prevents aldosterone dependent reabsorption of salt and water
what do ACE inhibitors do to the body?
- reduce blood pressure
- reduce excess salt and water retention
what are some oral reactions caused by ACE inhibitors?
- angio-oedema
- lichenoid reaction
