Cardiovascular Diseases - Pericardial Diseases Flashcards
most common pericardial pathology
acute pericarditis
typical pain in pericarditis
worse in the supine position and relieved by sitiing upright and leaning forward
common location of pericardial friction rub in acute pericarditis
end-expiration with patient upright and leaning forward
most common ecg finding in acute pericarditis
diffues s-t segment elecation (EXCEPT V1, AvL, AvR)
most widely used imaging technique in identifying cardiac tamponade
echocardiograph
most common causes of tamponade
neoplastic disease, idiopathic pericarditis, renal failure
important clue to the presence of cardiac tamponade
paradoxical pulse (pulsus paradosus) (greater than normal [10mmHg] inspiratory decline in systolic arterial pressure)
most common causes of bloody pericardial fluid
- neoplasm in the US
- tuberculosis in developing nations
pericardial effusion in HIV is usually due to
infection (mycobacterial) or neoplasm (lymphoma)
most common causes of pericarditis due to neoplastic disease
result from extension or invasion of metastatic tumors:
- lung and breast CA
- malignant melanoma
- lymphoma, leukemia
grossly sanguineous pericardial fluid in chronic pericarditis results most commonly from
- neoplasm
- tuberculosis
- renal failure
- slow leakage of an aortic aneurysm
basic physiologic abnormality in chronic constrictive pericarditis
inability of ventricles to fill because of limitations imposed by the rigid, thickened pericardium
most prominent deflection in constrictive pericarditis (absent/diminished in tamponade)
y descent
more accurate than echo in establishing or excluding presence of thickened pericardium
mri and ct scan
key in distinguishing between restrictive cardiomyopathy & constrictive pericarditis
CT (w/contrast) & MRI
