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Cardio Board Correlates > Basic Cardiac Pharmacology > Flashcards

Basic Cardiac Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Increases Contractility

A

Digoxin

Dobutamine (used only in acute HF)

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2
Q

Reduce Preload

A

diuretics
vasodilators
ACE inhibitors/ARBs

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3
Q

Reduce afterload

A

diuretics
vasodilators
ACE inhibitors/ARBs
Beta blockers

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4
Q

Class IA for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia

A

binds to activated sodium channels and block the flow of sodium ions in the cardiac myocyte (prolongs action potential)

e.g. quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

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5
Q

Class IB for post-ischemic arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia

A

bind to both activated and inactivated sodium channels and block the flow of sodium ions into the cardiac myocyte (shortens action potential)

e.g. lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine

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6
Q

Class IC for severe refractory ventricular arrhythmia

A

binds to activated sodium channels and block the flow of sodium ions into the cardiac myocyte (no effect on action potential)

e.g. flecainide, encainide, propafenone

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7
Q

Class III for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

A

binds to potassium chanels and blocks the flow of potassium into the cardiac myocyte (prolongs action potential)

e.g. Sotalol, Ibutilide, Bretylium, Amiodarone

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8
Q

Class IV for supraventricular tachycardia, rate reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation

A

block voltage-gated calcium channels thereby blocking the flow of calcium into the cell

e.g. Verapamil, Diltiazem

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9
Q

Causes excretion of Na and reduction of volume

A

Diuretics

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10
Q

Calcium channel blocker that exerts more effect on the vessels than the heart

A

Dihydropyridines (Nifedipine, Felodipine, Amlodipine)

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11
Q

Calcium channel blocker that exerts more effect on the heart

A

Nondihydropyridines (Verapamil, Diltiazem)

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12
Q

Antihypertensive that decreases the workload of the heart

A

Beta blockers

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13
Q

Blocks the AT1 receptor of Angiotensin II

A

ARBs

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14
Q

Notorious for drug-induced cough

A

ACE Inhibitors (by increasing bradykinin)

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15
Q

Blocks the action of aldosterone in the collecting tubules

A

Spironolactone, Eplerenone

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16
Q

Used in hypertension with comorbid Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

A

Alpha 1 blockers (Terazosin, Prazosin)

17
Q

Maintenance medication during pregnancy

A

Methyldopa

18
Q

(Anti-ischemic) Nitrates

A

Decrease in angina symptoms

No effect on mortality

19
Q

(Anti-ischemic) Beta-blockers

A

Decrease in progression to MI (THR 55-60 bpm)

20
Q

(Anti-ischemic) Calcium-channel blockers

A

Used in patients who cannot have beta blockers because of bronchospasm
(nondihydropyridines)

21
Q

(Anti-ischemic) Oxygen

A

Only used if O2 sat

22
Q

(Anti-platelet) Aspirin

A

prevents platelet activation
decrease in mortality and re-MI
LD: 162-325mg
MD: 72-162 mg/day

23
Q

(Anti-platelet) Clopidogrel

A 
ADP receptor blocker
given in addition to ASA
decrease MI, stroke
LD: 300-600mg
MD 75mg/day
24
Q

(Anticoagulant) Unfractionated Heparin (UFH)

A

target aPTT 50-70sec (ratio of 1.5 to 2.5)
LD: 60 u/kg, max4000u
MD: 12 u/kg/hr, max1000u

25
Q

(Anticoagulant) Enoxaparin

A

No PTT monitoring needed

1mg/kg SC BID

26
Q

(Anticoagulant) Fondaparinux

A

Decreased risk of bleeding

2.5mg SC OD

27
Q

(dyslipidemia)
Class: Statins
Competitively inhibits the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis (HMG-CoA reductase)

A

highly dec LDL
inc HDL
dec TAG
side effect: rhabdomyolysis

28
Q

(dyslipidemia)
Class: Ezetimibe
Inhibits absorption at the intestinal border

A

dec LDL

HDL and TAG

29
Q

(dyslipidemia)
Class: Fibrates
Upregulates lipoprotein lipase

A

dec LDL
inc HDL
highly dec TAG
side effect: hepatotoxicity

30
Q

(dyslipidemia)
Class: Niacin
Decreases lipolysis in adipose tissues

A

dec LDL
highly inc HDL
dec TAG
side effect: flushing

31
Q

(dyslipidemia)
Class: Resins
Inhibit reabsorption of bile acids

A

dec LDL
slightly inc HDL
TAG

Cardio Board Correlates (15 decks)

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