Cardiovascular & Circulatory System

Question 0

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 0

Endocardium - Smooth inner lining
Myocardium - Middle layer/Heart Muscle
Pericardium - Fluid filled sac/Outer layer

Question 1

Causes of Unconciousness

Answer 1

Fainting
Imbalance of Heat
Shock
Heart Attack
Stroke
Head injury
Asphyxia
Poisoning
Epilepsy
Diabetes

Question 2

Components of the heart (Right & Left)

Answer 2

Right:
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
R. Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
R.ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk & arteries (L&R)
Left:
Pulmonary veins (L&R)
L. Atrium
Mitral valve
L. Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta
Central:
Septum

Question 3

Process of electrical conductivity in the heart?

Answer 3

SA Node (pacemaker) sends impulse across atria to contract
Travels to AV node which send impulse through bundle of his, bundle branches and purkinje fibres

Question 4

Define Pulmonary & Systemic circulation

Answer 4

Pulmonary - Deoxygenated blood from R. Ventricle travels through pulmonary arteries to lungs, is oxygenated & returns via pulmonary veins to L. Atrium

Systemic - Oxygenated blood from lungs enters L. Atrium then passes through L. Ventricle and into aorta to rest of the body to deliver O2 to tissues

Question 5

What is normal blood pressure in adults

Answer 5

Systolic of 100 - 150mm Hg

Diastolic of less than 100mm Hg

Question 6

Normal pulse in adults

Answer 6

51-100 BPM

Question 7

What is Angina?

Answer 7

Caused by temporary lack of 02 in myocardial tissues due to atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries). Related to exertion and symptoms relieve when relaxed. Symptoms can be eased with GTN which causes vasodilation.

Question 8

What are acute coronary syndromes?

Answer 8

Unstable angina
STEMI
NSTEMI

Question 9

What is the definition of and what are the 5 types of shock?

Answer 9

Inability of cardiovascular system to adequately perfuse tissues with Oxygen

Cardiogenic - Poor functioning heart - PUMP FAIL
Hypovolaemic - Low fluid volume - VOLUME FAIL
Neurogenic - inefficient nervous control of vessels - CONTAINER FAIL
Anaphylactic - reaction to injection, bite or sting reduces peripheral resistance and venous return - CONTAINER FAIL
Toxic - such as peritonitis or meningococcal meningitis - CONTAINER FAIL

Question 10

3 Layers of blood vessels

Answer 10

Tunica Interna (endothelium) - inner lining
Tunica media - Muscle layer
Tunica externa - external lining

Capillaries only one cell thick (endothelium)