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A&P II > cardiovascular blood vessels > Flashcards

cardiovascular blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what are arteries

A

arteries carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

what do arteries form eventually

A

capillaries

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3
Q

capillaries

A

tiniest blood vessels

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4
Q

function of capillaries

A

direct exchange of fluids with tissue cells, supplying nutrients and removing waste

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5
Q

vessel types

A

arteries
capillaries
veins

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6
Q

purpose of arteries design

A

high pressue design

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7
Q

what makes up arteries

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

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8
Q

what is tunica intima made up of

A

endothelium

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9
Q

what is the lumen

A

a hollow area made from endothelium

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10
Q

clinical conditions that affect tunica intima

A

when conditions damage intima, it causes a release of chemicals from the endothelial cells that promote an inflammatory response with results like plaque and clotting

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11
Q

what makes up tunica media

A

smooth muscle cells and elastin sheets

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12
Q

function of tunica media

A

it is the autonomic nervous sys control of blood pressure

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13
Q

purpose of tunica externa

A

support

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14
Q

what is the tunica externa made of

A

supportive connective tissue, nerves

thick

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15
Q

arterial types

A

elastic
muscular
arterioles

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16
Q

what can elastic arteries do

A

stretch and recoil to absorb pulsating pressure

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17
Q

function of muscular arteries

A

distribute blood to different body and organ areas

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18
Q

when are muscular arteries most active

A

in vasoconstriction/vasodilation

blood pressure

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19
Q

what are arterioles made of

A

single layer of smooth muscle around the endothelium

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20
Q

how is the blood flow regulated to capillary beds

A

through neural, hormonal, and chemical signals

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21
Q

what is arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of arteries, which causes a decreased elasticity

22
Q

result of arteriosclerosis

A

increased pressure damages smaller arterioles

increased ventricular effort

23
Q

capillary types

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoidal

24
Q

describe continous types

A

tight junctions between endothelial cells

few intercellular clefts for passage

25
Q

ex of continous

A

blood brain barrier

26
Q

blood brain barrier

A

chemical passage buffered through cell cytoplasm

27
Q

describe fenestrated

A

small opening provide two way exchange with tissues

28
Q

ex of fenestrated

A

hormone pickup
nutrient delivery
waste removal

29
Q

describe sinusoidal

A

big gapes between endothelial cells permitting rapid interaction/flow between organ tissue cells and vessel contents

30
Q

ex of sinusoidal

A

leaky capillaries of the liver, spleen, bone marrow where large proteins and blood cells can be easily exchanged between the blood and interstitial compartments

31
Q

capillary beds

A

smallest vessels work as groups fed by arterioules then wind up as venules

32
Q

what fine tunes organ blood to areas

A

sphincter valves

33
Q

veins

A

low pressue, start small and get larger as they join and move blood toward the heart

34
Q

venules

A

post capillary flow. very thin tunica media and externa allow fluid/ wbc exchange

35
Q

how much of blood will form reservoir if needed

A

65%

36
Q

what prevents back flow

A

venous valves

37
Q

vericose veins

A

valves distort, leak, and swelling occurs in previous section of vein

38
Q

what increases risk of vericose veins

A

long time standing, obesity, restricted venous return, stress of pregnance

39
Q

where are vericose veins most common

A

lower limbs, abdomen

in anal, hemorrhoids

40
Q

venous sinuses

A

enlarged area of endothelium but no tunics for collecting blood

41
Q

ex of venous sinuses

A

dural sinuses

42
Q

vascular anastomoses

A

arterial anastomoses

venous anastomoses

43
Q

arterial anastomoses

A

arteries may divide to form smaller ones but recombine to increase supply to an area

44
Q

venous anastomoses

A

veins normally combine to form larger ones but sometimes redivide to increase drainage from an area

45
Q

blood flow formula

A

F=DELTA P / R

46
Q

define blood flow= F

A

volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or entire circulation

47
Q

define blood pressure = P

A

force exerted on a vessel wall containing blood

48
Q

define triangle symbol = DELTA P

A

if pressure changes, either up or down, it is written as triangle P

49
Q

define resistance = R

A

opposition to flow and is a measure of the amount of friction blood encounters

50
Q

what does peripheral resistance refer to

A

resistance away from the heart

51
Q

what method do arteries, arterioles, capillary beds etc use to decrease R

A

vasodilate

A&P II (8 decks)

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