Cardiovascular and Respiratory Flashcards
Antlarrhythmic Drugs
given to correct variations from normal heart rhythmic
- beta blockers block epinephrine that may overexcited the heart and blood vessels
- calcium-channel block and the entrance of calcium into cells
Antihypertensive
=drugs fight high blood pressure
- diruretics
- angiotensin-covering enzyme
- angiotension II receptor blockers
- beta blockers
- vasodilators
Vasoconstrictors
=narrow blood vessels and raise blood pressure
necessary to get blood moving during cardiac or respiratory failure
Atherosclerosis
a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries
Anticoagulants
may be used to break up clots that form within blood vessels; thus, they’re effective for patients w/ thrombosis or embolism (blood thinners)
Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs
-cholesterol possible contribute to atherosclerosis
Angiotensin-Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI)
improve the way the improve the way the heart works and reduce deaths related to heart failure
If Channel Blockers
irabrainde (coplanar) anticoagulants and antiplatelets treat conditions like DVT and pulmonary embolism and to prevent stroke in patients
Iantiplatelets
used to prevent clotting and used to prevent heart attack and stroke in patients who are at high risk
Anticogulants
-never oral that don’t requires same rigor as warfarin but may not be appropriate alternative
Antiplatetelets
- aspirin
- clopidogrel (plauxix)
- pragurel 9effient)
- tricagrelor (brilinta)
- ticolpidine (Ticlid)
- Cilostazeol (pletal)
Warfarin (Coumadin)
- firs available
- rigorous monitoring
Diuretics
medicines that promote excretion of sodium, along w/ large amounts of water, from the kidneys
Anhydrase
is enzyme involved in the normal kidney function of urine formation and water retention
Nephron
functional unit of the kidney where urine formation
-loop of Henie=portion of the nephron that contains the greatest concentration of urine (most effective)
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
keep potassium within body
Respiratory Drugs
antihistamines antiussives decongestant expectorants bronchodilators metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)
Antacids
medications that neutralize me hydrochloric acid that causes heart burn and pain from ulcers, esophagitis, or other stomach problems (neutralize stomach over)
Anticulceratives
go beyond neutralizing stomach acids they decrease the amount of acid secreted
Cathartics
relieve constipation and may also be given to stimulate defecation for diagnostic or operative purposes
Antidiarrheals
stop diarrhea
Antiemetics
drug that inhibit nausea and vomiting
-counteract dizziness, motion sickness, and labyrinthitis (inflammation of the inner ear)
Reduce Excess Stomach Acid
antacids, H2 receptor antagonists and proton=pump inhibitors
Proton-Pump inhibitors (PPI)
GERD (turn off pump that produce acid)
H2 Receptor antagonists
block specific receptors in the gastrointestinal tract from the actions of histamine (reduce secretion)
Acute Diarrhea
-is characterized by sudden onset of frequent, liquid stools
Constipation
- stimulant (powerful)= increase propulsive peristaltic activity in intestine
- bulk-forming laxative
- emolleints and lubricants
- saline-type laxatives
Simethische
oral antigas agents (dispersing and preventing the formation of muscus-surrounded gas pockets)
Hemorrhoids
swollen, inflamed veins around anus
Antibiotics
treat bacterial infections
Otics
treat ear problems (drops)
Antihistamines
when body produces too much histamine corticosteroids
Decongerstant-Vascontrictors
(eye allergies and provide) relief of redness caused by minor eye irriations
Artificial Tears (Demulcents)
relieve dryness and irration
Eye washes
plain distilled water that contains no active ingredient
Analgesics
inhibit the passage of pain impulses
Anticonvulsants
seizures that results from overstimulation of nerve cells in the brain can often be controlled w/ anticonvulsants
