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Bio 153 midterm lecture > Cardiovascular anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

the inner most pericardium (touches the myocardium)

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2
Q

what is the epicardium also known as

A

the visceral pericardium

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3
Q

what is the visceral pericardium made of?

A

simple squamous + areolar

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4
Q

what is the pericardial cavity?

A

In between visceral and parietal pericardium

it contains serous fluid

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5
Q

what is the parietal pericardium

A

more superficial covering of heart (than visceral)

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6
Q

what is the fibrous pericardium?

A

anchors the heart and prevents over filling

it is on the very outside

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7
Q

what is the fibrous pericardium made of?

A

dense CT

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8
Q

what is the myocardium?

A

cardiac muscle

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9
Q

what’s the endocardium?

A

membrane the lines the chambers, covers the trabecular carnae

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10
Q

List from superficial to deep the layers of the heart

A
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Parietal pericardium
  • Pericardial cavity
  • visceral pericardium / epicardium
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
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11
Q

what are the heart valves made of?

A

endocardium and dense CT

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12
Q

what is the atriaventricular valve on the right?

A

The tricuspid valve

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13
Q

What is the atrioventricular valve on the left?

A

the bicuspid valve (mitral)

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14
Q

which atrioventricular valve has more pressure on it?

A

the Mitral

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15
Q

what do the chordae tendineae do?

A

attached to the papillary muscles, prevent the collapse of the valves with the ventricles contract

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16
Q

what semilunar valve is on the right?

A

the pulmonary semilunar valve

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17
Q

what semilunar valve is on the left?

A

the aortic semilunar valve

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18
Q

what is a murmur?

A

abnormal heart sound

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19
Q

what is s3?

A

sound that can be sometimes heard as blood flows into ventricles

20
Q

what is s4?

A

sound that can sometimes be heard as the atria contract

21
Q

what is s1?

A

sound of AV valves closing after atrial contraction

22
Q

what is s2?

A

sound of SL valves closing after ventricular contraction

23
Q

what is actually making the noise of heart sounds?

A

blood turbulence

24
Q

what is the tunica externa/ adventitia

A

most superficial layer of blood vessel

25
Q

what is the tunic externa / adventitia made of

A

dense irreg

26
Q

what is the tunica media

A

in the middle

27
Q

what is the tunica media made of

A

smooth muscle and elastic CT

28
Q

what is the tunic Interna / intima

A

the most deep layer of the blood vessel

has: -Endothelium, basement membrane, and elastic membrane

29
Q

what does the endothelium of the tunica interna do

A

it lines inside of vessel (made of simple squamous)

30
Q

what is the basement membrane made out of

A

lose areolar CT

31
Q

what does the elastic membrane do?

A

Connects the tunica interna to the tunica media

32
Q

arteries have thick or thin tunica media?

A

THICK

33
Q

what are the 3 types of arteries?

A

1) elastic arteries
2) muscular arteries
3) arterioles

34
Q

What are the characteristics of elastic arteries

A

Large, Thick elastic, high pressure

35
Q

what are the characteristics of muscular arteries

A

mid-size, thick smooth muscle

36
Q

what are the characteristics of arterioles

A

small, no externa

37
Q

what are the characteristics of venules

A

no smooth muscle

drain blood from capillary bed into veins

38
Q

what are the characteristics of veins?

A

thin tunica meia, valves

39
Q

what are the 2 main sources driving venous return?

A

1) Skeletal muscle pump

2) Respiratory pump (thoracic + abdominal pressure)

40
Q

What is the structure of capillaries

A

endothelium only

41
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries

A

1) Continuous
2) Fenestrated
3) Sinusoid

42
Q

Explain the characteristics of continuous capillaries

A 
the endothelium is continuous 
moderately permeable
most common (nutrients, wastes, gas, hormones)
43
Q

explain the characteristics of fenestrated capillaries

A

more pores = more permeable

absorb/filter in kidneys and intestines

44
Q

explain the characteristics of sinusoid capillaries

A

large gaps = most permeable

spleen, liver, bone marrow

45
Q

what are capillary beds flow regulated by ?

A

precapilllary sphincters

Bio 153 midterm lecture (9 decks)

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