Cardiovascular

Question 1

Hepatic portal system

Foetal portal system

Edema

Answer 1

blood from the GI tract and spleen to the liver. Low oxygen but high in nutrients. Flows in the hepatic portal vein.

lungs, liver and GI tract bypassed as not developed yet

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body which cause severe pain and swelling. (what would happen without an efficient lymphatic system)

Question 2

Mediastinum

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

• Parietal
• Visceral

Answer 2

area between lungs where the heart is located

inelastic sac of dense CT fused with the diaphragm and great vessels. Prevents overfilling (can’t stretch) and anchors heart into place

x2 layered membrane inside f. pericardium. Forms tissue fluid that prevents fiction in the cavity between them.

• lines the inner surface of f. pericardium.
• adheres tightly to the side of the heart.

Question 3

HEART WALL
Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

Fibrous CT

Answer 3

the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves

Muscular tissue of the heart

a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium, attached to the muscles of the wall of the heart, has blood vessels and fat

separates the atriums and ventricles (electrically separates them so the contraction is delayed). Also encircles the pulmonary trunk, aorta and valves (suspended from it)

Question 4

AV valves

Semi-lunar valves

Answer 4

 Between atria and ventricles, opened by blood flowing from atria down to ventricles.
 Contraction of papillary muscles (which also anchors them) in the ventricles stops eversion
so stops backflow back into atria.

 Guard entrances of aorta and pulmonary trunk, opened by force of blood as ventricles contract.
 As heart relaxes, tiny bit of blood falls into the cusps and pushes them shut to prevent backflow into the ventricles.

Question 5

Anterior inter-ventricular coronary artery

Posterior inter-ventricular coronary artery

Cardiac veins

Answer 5

at the front between the ventricles, blood to the left side of the heart when relaxing.

at the back between the ventricles, blood to the right side of the heart when relaxing.

drain into the coronary sinus which then empties into the right atrium, however some anterior cardiac veins drain straight into the right atrium

Question 6

Ductus venosus

Ductus arteriosus

Foreman ovule

Answer 6

Foetal circulation. Connects umbilical vein (blood to baby) to interior vena cava bypassing the liver. Fibroses when umbilical cord cut and vessels close, becomes ligamentum venosum

Foetal circulation. Connects pulmonary trunk and aorta, bypasses the lungs. Becomes ligamentum arteriosum after constriction when baby takes first breath

Foetal circulation. Hole between right atria and left, when baby takes first breath it closes and becomes the fossa ovalis