Cardiovascular

Question 1

What drugs are used for hypertension?

Answer 1

A - ACE inhibitors/ angiotensin receptor blockers. Reduces BP. It May cause headaches.
B - Beta-blockers - A vasodilator that increases blood flow. Caution for diabetes- may mask hypo. Bradycardia, bronchospasms - caution with asthma.
C- calcium channel antagonists - Blocks calcium channels. Reduces BP. It May cause headaches, and flushing.
D - Diuretic- Inhibits sodium transport and vasodilator. It May cause hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, and blood disorders.

Question 2

What are A drugs?

Answer 2

ACE inhibitors. These reduce BP. Used in heart failure and hypertension.
May cause cough, taste change, hypotension, a rash, diarrhoea, fatigue, headaches, liver damage, renal failure, hypersensitive, anaphylaxis

Question 3

What are B drugs?

Answer 3

Beta-blockers. These increase heart rate and act as a vasodilator. Can be used for migraines, MI, hypertension, anxiety, and tremors. ‘May cause bronchospasms in asthma. And mask hypos in diabetics.
May cause bradycardia, bronchospasm, cold libs, depression, nightmares, fatigue, dry eyes, importance, rash, representative, and anaphylaxis

Question 4

What are C drugs?

Answer 4

These are calcium channel blockers. They lower BP. Used in the treatment of angina, hypertension and dysrhythmias.
Side effects may include; headaches, oedema and flushing.

Question 5

What are D drugs?

Answer 5

These inhibit sodium transport and are a vasodilator. Used to treat hypertension and heart failure.
Side effects may include: Hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalaemia, blood disorders, hypersensitive, and anaphylaxis,

Question 6

What is the treatment for an MI?

Answer 6

Morphine
Oxygen
GTN
Asprin
ACEI
B Blockers
Statins
Angiogram/PCI

Question 7

Anticoagulation/antiplatet drugs

Answer 7

Anticoagulation, also known as “blood thinners” does not thin the blood.
These reduce the blood’s ability to clot.
Heparin-. Should monitor for bleeding, bruising, and blood in urine and stool. Haemoglobin and platelet, INR.
Warfarin - is a vitamin k antagonist. Vit K is important for clotting. Monitor INR. Vitamin k is given as an antidote to warfarin. May drugs and food interact with warfarin. E.g. aspirin or some antibiotics.
Side effects for both are bleeding, haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia and osteoporosis.

Antiplatlets - E.g. asprin.
These work by making the blood less sticky and reducing the ability to clot. Used for MIs PCIs, mechanical valves, strokes. Do not take with NSAIDs. Side effects are bleeding, headaches, dizziness, nausea, constipation, stomach pain, nosebleeds, bruising, haemorrhage, and bleeding gums.
Patient education on using a soft toothbrush and sensitive mouthwash.