Basic Pharmacology

Question 1

What is pharaCOKINETICS

Answer 1

It is the course of action of a drug in the body. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
The fate of the drug in the body

Question 2

What is first pass metabolism?

Answer 2

Orally, the drug may need to be metabolised before entering the systemic system. It destroys some drugs so can’t be given orally. E.g. insulin

Question 3

What is pharmaDYNAMICS?

Answer 3

This is the effect the drug has on the body. Eg heart rate, blood pressure, respirations

Question 4

Methods of drug administration

Answer 4

IV
Intramuscular
Subcut
Interdermal
Intertehecal
Epidural;
Interarticular

Question 5

What is bioavailabily

Answer 5

The fraction of the drug available after it has been metabolised and reaches the systemic system.
100% for IV

Question 6

What is enzyme induction

Answer 6

Increases enzyme activity. This requires prolonged or repeated exposure. Plays a part in ADRs

Question 7

What is enzyme inhibition?

Answer 7

Decreased enzyme activity. Usually requires only one dose. Eg grapefruit.

Question 8

What is half life?

Answer 8

To see if a loading dose is required.
It is the time the amount of drug takes to half in the body. Eg half-life of 6 hrs. After 6 hours half the drug is available. Effected by drug clearance, and drug distribution.

Question 9

What does affinity mean?

Answer 9

How the drug binds to the receptors, or how chemicals cause them to bind.

Question 10

What does efficacy mean?

Answer 10

The ability for the drug to bond and start change, and what happens once the drug is bonded.

Question 11

What does potency mean?

Answer 11

The amount of the drug needed to have a therapeutic effect.

Question 12

What does specificity mean?

Answer 12

This is the ability of the receptors to recognise chemicals.

Question 13

What is an agonist?

Answer 13

A substance that mimics a neurotransmitter or a hormone that allows it to bind to a receptor.

Question 14

What is a partial agonist?

Answer 14

It allows it to bind and activate the receptor. However, unlike like the full agonist, the partial agonist isn’t as efficient.

Question 15

What is an antagonist?

Answer 15

THis is a substance that stops the action of another substance. It does not allow binding to the transmitter.

Question 16

10 rights of medication administration

Answer 16

Right drug
Right dose
Right patient
Right Route
Right time
Right reason
Right form
Right documents
Right action
Right response