Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SEMESTER 2 BIOLOGY > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The

cardiovascular system + lymphatic system =

A
  • Circulatory system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does the heart provide energy?

A
  • To drive blood down so that it can overcome friction as it travels around the vascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemical energy in heart cells is converted to M______ energy in the blood

A

• Mechanical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  • Left and right atria

- Left and right ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two circuits in the circulatory system?

A
  • Pulmonary

* Systematic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the heart divided into left and right sides?

A

• By a septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the valves associated with each chamber?

A
  • Tricuspid
  • Bicuspid
  • Aortic
  • Pulmonary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the structural difference between atria and ventricles?

A

Atria: Thin walled
Ventricles: Thick walled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the major blood vessels of the heart?

A
  • Superior and inferior vena cava
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there in the heart and what is their function?

A

•4

- Return blood from the lungs back to the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the aorta?

A
  • Coveys blood from the left ventricle to the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

There’s 2 sides of the heart, left and right. What is the function of each heart?

A
  • Right heart: receives blood from the systematic circulation and pumps out into the pulmonary circulation
  • Left heart: receives blood from the pulmonary circulation and pumps into the systematic circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two nodes in the right atrium?

A
  • Sinoatrial (SA) node

* Atrioventricular (AV) node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Left ventricle ——-> right atrium

What type of circulation is happening?

A
  • Systematic circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Left atrium

A
  • Pulmonary circulation (lungs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The function of the heart is to pump blood through both P_____ and S______ C______

A
  • Pulmonary

* Systematic circuits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A
  • To pump blood through both pulmonary and systematic circuits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

• Behind the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The base of the heart is the broad superior portion, for the attachment of the great…..

A

• Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The apex of the heart is the inferior blunt tip, immediately above the D_____

A

• Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A
  • Endocardium (lined by endothelial cells)
  • Myocardium (thickest, contains cardiac muscle)
  • Epicardium (connective tissue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which double walled structure surrounds the heart?

A

• Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What 3 parallel circuits can the cardiovascular system be split into?

A

1) Pulmonary (lungs)
2) Coronary (heart)
3) Systematic (rest of the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary circuit carry?

A
  • Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart —> lungs for gas exchange and returns oxygenated blood to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What type of blood does the systematic circuit carry?

A
  • Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to supply the whole body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

De-oxygenated blood is pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the P______ A_____

A

• Pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Re-oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart visa the P_____ V____

A

• Pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What type of blood is provided for organs and tissues or the body?

A

• Oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood into the A____ which then branches into smaller A_____

A
  • Aorta

* Arteries

30
Q

True or False

Atrial contraction is weak

A

True

31
Q

The atria function mainly as a P_____ C______ C_____

A

• Passive conducting chamber

32
Q

How is oxygenated blood supplied to the heart muscle?

A
  • Through left and right coronary arteries
33
Q

Venous blood drains into the Coronary S____ and then into the right atrium

A

• Sinus

34
Q

1) coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle
(right and left)
2) cardiac veins collect and return blood to the right atrium through the coronary sinus - what is the next step

A

3) cardiac veins run with coronary arteries

35
Q

What are the functions of the right coronary artery?

A
  • Supplies right atrium and ventricle
  • SA node
  • AV node
  • Inter ventricular septum
36
Q

What are the functions of the left coronary artery?

A
  • Supplies left atrium
  • & Ventricle
  • AV bundle
  • Inter ventricular septum
37
Q

Cardiac muscle cells consist of cardiac muscle cells which are known as?

A

• Cardiocytes

38
Q

The two types of cardiac muscle cell are C____tile and C_____tile

A
  • Contractile

* Conductile

39
Q

What provides a strong union between the adjacent cells where the end of one muscle fibre abuts to another?

A

• Intercalated disk

40
Q

Which channel are gated?

A

• Connexin channels

When these are opened, ions flow from the first (depolarised cell) to the second

41
Q

What is pacemaker activity?

A

• directly control the heart rate

42
Q

Does a pacemaker cell have a steady resting membrane potential?

A

No, after an action potential the membrane immediately begins to depolarise until threshold is reached and another action potential is triggered.

43
Q

What 3 waves does an ECG consist of?

A
  • The P wave
  • QRS complex
  • T wave
44
Q

The P wave corresponds to A____ De______

A

• Atrial depolarisation

45
Q

When does the P wave occur?

A
  • Just before atrial contraction begins
46
Q

What does the QRS complex correspond to?

A

• Ventricular depolarisation and begins just before isovolumetric contraction

47
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

• Ventricular repolarization and takes place during reduced ejection

48
Q

How long does the P-Q interval last for?

A
  • around 160ms
49
Q

What does the P-Q interval represent?

A
  • Time between atrial excitation and ventricular excitation
50
Q

What does prolongation of the P-Q interval suggest?

A
  • Suggests damage to the atrial conducting pathway or the A-V node
51
Q

How long does the S-T segment last?

A

• Around 120ms

52
Q

What does the S-T segment represent?

A

• The time when the ventricles are fully depolarised during plateau of the ventricular action potential

53
Q

How long does the Q-T interval last?

A

• Around 400ms

54
Q

What is the Q-T interval?

A
  • The period from the beginning of ventricular depolarisation to the end of repolarisation
55
Q

The R-R interval is the time between S______ heart beats

A

• Successive

56
Q

A heart beats at 75 per minute what is the cardiac cycle?

A

• 0.8s

57
Q

Cardiac output (CO) = Heart rate (HR) x S______ V_____ (SV)

A

• Stroke volume

58
Q

What is Cardiac output?

A
  • The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per unit time
59
Q

The SA node is innervated by both S________ and P______ branches of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Sympathetic

* Parasympathetic

60
Q

What transmitter is realised by postganglionic S fibres and P fibres?

A

S fibres: Noradrenaline

P fibres: Acetylcholine

61
Q

S effects are mediated via B1 A___receptors and P effects are mediated via M___carinic receptors

A
  • Adrenoreceptors

* Muscarinic receptors

62
Q

In the resting state what is the dominant tone?

Hint: which side or the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Parasympathetic
63
Q

Describe “Lub” and “Dub”

A

Lub: loudest at apex
Dub: loudest at base

64
Q

What are the most fundamental heart sounds?

A

S1 and S2

65
Q

What is S1 and S2 caused by?

A

S1: caused by closure of AV valves and tensing of the valves and muscles during contraction - Lub
S2: relates to closure of semilunar valves - Dub

66
Q

Systematic blood pressure is a fluid driven through a circuit of closed vessels, operates under P____

A

• Pressure

Blood flows along a pressure gradient

67
Q

When does pressure occur?

A

• When the flow is opposed by resistance

68
Q

The steepest drop in pressure occurs in the A_____ which offer the greatest resistance to flow

A
  • Arterioles
69
Q

Which vessel carries blood towards the heart?

A

• Veins

70
Q

Describe the arterial pressure of systolic and diastolic pressure

A
  • Systolic pressure: High (120mmHg)

- Diastolic pressure: Low (80mmHg)

SEMESTER 2 BIOLOGY (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions