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CABS cardiology > cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

how to you calculate cardiac output

A

HR x SV

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2
Q

how do you calculate stroke volume

A

edv-esv

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3
Q

Which layer of the heart are the coronaries found in

A

epicardium

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4
Q

What layer of the heart is the electrical system found in

A

Myocardium

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5
Q

What does a positive chronotrope do

A

increase heart rate

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6
Q

What does a negative chronotrope do

A

lower heart rate

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7
Q

What factors increase heart rate

A

Sympathetic system
Hyperthyroidism
hypoxemia / acidosis
Meds

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8
Q

what factors decrease heart rate

A

parasympathetic
athletes
meds

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9
Q

What factors determine the stroke volume

A

end diastolic volume
&
end systolic volume

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10
Q

What is ejection fraction determined by

A

the blood volume that get pumped out with each heart beat
*should be half the volume in the ventricle

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11
Q

What determines how much blood volume a ventricle can hold

A

degree of myocyte stretch

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12
Q

What is the Frank Starling curve

A

A curve that shows the optimal contractility / expansion of the heart

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13
Q

What is the most common referencing disease process of the LV

A

Cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

What is cardiomyopathy

A

disease process that changes the cardiac structure (effects myocardium itself)

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15
Q

What are the different types of cardiomyopathy

A

hypertrophic
dilated
arrythmogenic
restrictive
unclassified

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16
Q

What are the most common causes of cardiomyopathy

A

genetic (most common)
mixed
acquired

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17
Q

What is takotsubo

A

broken heart syndrome

*catecholamine surge that causes ventricular ballooning

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18
Q

What is the classification system of cardiomyopathy

A

M O G E S classification

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19
Q

What is the MOGES classification

A

Morphofunctional
Organ involvement
Genetic predisposition
Etiologic definition
functional status

20
Q

What is systolic dysfunction

A

decreased contractility leading to reduced EF

21
Q

What generally causes systolic disfunction

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

22
Q

What is diastolic dysfunction

A

inability for the ventricle to completely relax to allow for appropriate passive filling

23
Q

What generally causes diastolic dysfunction

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
restrictive cardiomyopathy

24
Q

What occurs in the heart with dilated cardiomyopathy

A

eccentric hypertrophy which causes the ventricles to dilate

the excessive dilation with lead to reduced contractility

25
Q

As the LV dilates, what are the downstream effects on the heart

A

Increase pre-load
cause increased atrial pressure
and finally atrial dilation

26
Q

What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure

A

left sided heart failure

27
Q

how does the body try to compensate for decreased cardiac output

A

RAAS

28
Q

What is pheochromocytoma

A

Tumor arising from catecholamine producing cells in the adrenal gland

29
Q

When is Takostubo classically seen

A

postmenopausal women

30
Q

What is S3 heart sound associated with

A

maximum compliance of the LV

31
Q

What makes the S3 sound

A

Sound of the blood from the LA striking the dilated LV

32
Q

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Thickened myocardium leading to poor diastolic filling

33
Q

What are some causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

genetic
chronic hypertension
aortic stenosis
amyloidosis

34
Q

What is concentric hypertrophy

A

sarcomeres are stacking and getting thicket
*genetic abnormalities are generally associated

35
Q

What is HOCM

A

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

*sudden cardiac death (most commonly in athletes)

36
Q

What occurs in the heart with HOCM

A

LV hypertrophy along the septum begins to occlude the outflow tract

as this tract narrows, a vacuum can form which decreases CO

37
Q

What heart sound is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

S4
*harsh crescendo/decresendo as it hits the outflow obstruction

38
Q

What is occurring with restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

fibrosis of the myocardium

39
Q

What is compliance

A

ability of myocytes to stretch

40
Q

What type of murmur can occur from restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

systolic from regurgitation

41
Q

What are some of the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

end-myocardial fibrosis
radiation fibrosis
amyloidosis
sarcoidosis
hemochromatosis

42
Q

What population is restrictive cardiomyopathy most common in

A

children in developing countries

43
Q

What is sarcoidosis

A

An autoimmune disease
form of restrictive cardiomyopathy

44
Q

What disease processes is hallmarked by non-caseating granuloma formation

A

Sarcoidosis

45
Q

Where do the non-caseating granulomas in sarcoidosis deposit

A

Lungs
Heart
Eyes
Skin

CABS cardiology (10 decks)

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