Cardiology: Types of Diuretics

Question 1

Name 5 examples of diuretics and site of action

Answer 1

loop=loop of henle
thiazide=early distal tubule
K+sparing=cortical collecting tubule
carbonic anhydrase inhbitors=proximal convoluted tubule
osmotic agents=proximal tubule

Question 2

name 4 examples of loop diuretics

Answer 2

furosemide, ethacrynic acid, bumetanide, torsemide

Question 3

name mechanism of action of loop diuretics

Answer 3

decreased Na/K+/Cl- cotransporter; decreased urine concentration, increased Ca2+ excretion

Question 4

name side effects of loop diuretics?

Answer 4

ototoxicity, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, dehydration, gout

Question 5

name 3 examples of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 5

HCTZ, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone

Question 6

name mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 6

decreased NaCl reabsorption leading to decreased diluting capacity of nephron, decreased Ca2+ excretion

Question 7

name side effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 7

hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, and hyperGLUC
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
hyperuricemia
hypercalcemia

Question 8

name 3 examples of K+ sparing agents?

Answer 8

spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride

Question 9

name mechanism of action of K+ sparing agents?

Answer 9

spironolactone is an aldosterone receptor antagonist

triamterene and amiloride block Na+ channels

Question 10

name side effects of K+ sparing agents?

Answer 10

hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, sexual dysfunction

Question 11

name 1 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 11

acetazolamide

Question 12

name mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 12

NaHCO3 diuresis and decrease total body NaHCO3

Question 13

name side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 13

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy

Question 14

name 1 example of osmotic agents?

Answer 14

mannitol

Question 15

name mechanism of action of osmotic agent

Answer 15

creates increased tubular fluid osmolarity, leading to increased urine flow

Question 16

name side effects of osmotic agents? name two contraindications

Answer 16

pulmonary edema, dehydration,

contraindicationed in anuria and CHF