Cardiology: Dyslipidemia Flashcards
how is dyslipidemia defined?
total cholesterol level> 200mg/dL,
LDL> 130mg/dL
triglycerides> 150 mg/dL
HDL <40mg/dL
name etiologies of dyslipidemia?
obesity, DM, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic disease, Cushing’s syndrome, OCP use, high-dose diuretic use, and familial hypercholesterolmia
what are signs and symptoms of extremely high levels of triglyceride or LDL levels
low levels usually result in no specific signs or symptoms
xanthomas (eruptive nodueles on skin over tendons)
xanthelasmas (yellow fatty deposits in skin around eyes)
lipemia retinalis (creamy appearance of retinal vessels)
how is dyslipidemia screened for?
conduct a fasting lipid profile>35 yrs of age or >20 yrs with CAD risk factors and repeat every 5 years or sooner if levels are elevated
how is hypercholesterolemia diagnosed?
total serum cholesterol >200mg/dL on 2 different occasions
is total serum cholesterol is nml can dyslipidemia be diagnosed?
yes,
only LDL>130mg/dL and HDL<40mg/dL is needed for diagnosis
what is first intervention for dsylipidemia treatment?
12 week trial of diet and exercise in pts with no known atherosclerotic vascular disease
what is LDL goal for pt with
- CAD or CAD risk equivalents
- 2+ risk factors
- 0-1 risk factors
<160 mg/dL
what is LDL level to start life style modification in pt with
- CAD or CAD risk equivalents
- 2+ risk factors
- 0-1 risk factors
> 100mg/dL
130mg/dL
160mg/dL
what is LDL level to consider drug therapy?
- CAD or CAD risk equivalents
- 2+ risk factors
- 0-1 risk factors
> 130mg/dL
160mg/dL
190mg/dL
name the CAD risk equivalents (4)
symptomatic CAd, peripheral arterial disease, AAA, and DM
name the CAD risk factors (5)
cigarette smoking, HTN, low HDL, a family history of premature CAD, age (men >45, women >55)
what is negative risk factor for CAD?
HDL>60mg/dL, this removes 1 risk factor from the total score
