Cardiology: Major Classes of Antihypertensive Agents

Question 1

name 3 agents in class of diuretics

Answer 1

thiazide, loop, K+ sparing

Question 2

name mechanism of action in diuretics

Answer 2

decreased extracellular fluid cole and thereby decrease vascular resistance

Question 3

name side effect of diuretics

Answer 3

hypokalemia (not with K+ sparing), hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, azotemia

Question 4

name examples of beta-blockers (7)

Answer 4

propranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, atenolol, timolol, carvedilol, labetalol

Question 5

name mechanism of action of beta-blockers

Answer 5

decrease cardiac contractility and renin release

Question 6

name side effects of beta-blockers

Answer 6

bronchospsam (in severe active asthma), bradycardia, CHF, exacerbation, impotence, fatigue, depression

Question 7

name examples of ACEIs (5)

Answer 7

captoril, enalapril, fosinopril, benazepril, lisinopril

Question 8

name mechanism of action of ACEIs?

Answer 8

block aldosterone formation, reducing peripheral resistance and salt/water retention

Question 9

name side effects of ACEIs

Answer 9

cough, rashes, leukopenia, hyperkalemia

Question 10

name examples of ARBs (3)

Answer 10

losrartan, valsartan, irbesartan

Question 11

name mechanism of action of ARBs

Answer 11

block aldosterone effect reducing periperhal resistance and salt/water retention

Question 12

name side effect of ARBs

Answer 12

rashes, leukopenia, and hyperkalemia but no cough

Question 13

name examples of CCBs

Answer 13

dihydropyridines (nifedipine, felopdipine, amlodipine)

nondihydropyridine (diltiazem, verapamil)

Question 14

name mechanism of action of CCBs

Answer 14

decrease smooth muscle tone and cause vasodilation; may also decrease cardiac output

Question 15

name side effect of CCBs?

Answer 15

dihydropyridines: HA, flushing, peripheral edema
nondihydroppyridines: decrease constractility

Question 16

name examples of vasodilators

Answer 16

hydralazine, minoxidil

Question 17

name mechanism of action of vasodilators

Answer 17

decrease peripheral resistance by dilating arteries/arterioles

Question 18

name side effect of vasodilators

Answer 18

hydralazine: HA, lupus like syndrome
Minoxidil: orthostatis, hirsutism

Question 19

name example of alpha-adrenergic blockers

Answer 19

prazosin, terazonsin, phenoxybenzamine

Question 20

name mechanism of action of alpha-adrenergic blockers

Answer 20

cause vasodilation by blocking action of norepinephrine on vascular smooth muscle

Question 21

name side effect of alpha-adrenergic blockers

Answer 21

orthostatic hypotension

Question 22

name examples of centrally action adrenegic agonists

Answer 22

methyldopa, clonidine

Question 23

name mechanism of action of centrally action adrenergic agonists

Answer 23

inihibit the sympathetic nervous system via central alpha 2 adrenergic receptors

Question 24

name side effects of centrally acting adrenergic agonists

Answer 24

somnolence, orthostatic hypotension, impotence, rebound hypertension