Cardiology: BradyArrhythmias

Question 1

What is ABCD mnemonic for management of a fib

Answer 1

Anticoagulate
beta-blockers to control rate
cardiovert/CCB
digoxin

Question 2

what is etiology of sinus bradycardia?

Answer 2

normal response to cardiovascular conditioning
sinus node dysfunction
beta blocker or CCB excess

Question 3

what are signs and symptoms of sinus bradycardia?

Answer 3

may be asymptomatic

lightheadedness, syncopes, chest pain, hypotension

Question 4

what are the ECG findings in sinus bradycardia?

Answer 4

ventricular rate <6- bpm

sinus rhythm

Question 5

what is treatment for sinus brady?

Answer 5

asymptomatic: none
atropine may be used to increase HR
pacemaker if severe

Question 6

what is etiology of first degree AV block?

Answer 6

can occur in normal persons
associated with increased vagal tone
beta blocker or CCB use

Question 7

what are signs and symptoms of 1st degree AV block

Answer 7

none

Question 8

what is ECG finding of 1st degree AV block?

Answer 8

PR interval >200msec

Question 9

what is treatment for 1st degree AV block?

Answer 9

none

Question 10

what is etiology of 2nd degree AV block Mobitz I/ Wenckebach?

Answer 10

drug effects (digoxin, beta-blockers, CCB)
increased vagal tone
right coronary ischemia or infarction

Question 11

what are symptoms of second degree AV block (Mobitz I/Wenckebach)

Answer 11

usually asymptomatic

Question 12

what ECG findings in second degree AV block (Mobitz I/ Wenckebach)

Answer 12

progressive PR lengthening until a dropped beat occurs; then PR interval then resets

Question 13

what is treatment for second degree AV block Mobitz I/ wenckebach?

Answer 13

stop drug

atropine as clinically indicated

Question 14

what is etiology of second degree AV block (Mobitz II)?

Answer 14

fibrotic disease of conduction system

acute, subacute, or prior MI

Question 15

what are symptoms of second degree Mobitz II block?

Answer 15

occasionally syncope

frequent progression to 3rd degree AV block

Question 16

what are ECG findings in second degree AV block (Mobitz II)

Answer 16

unexpected dropped beats without a change in PR interval

Question 17

what is treatment for second degree AV block (Mobitz II)?

Answer 17

pacemaker placement

Question 18

what is etiology of 3rd degree AV block, complete?

Answer 18

no electrical communication between the atria and ventricles

Question 19

what are symptoms of third degree AV block (complete)?

Answer 19

syncope, dizziness, acute heart failure, hypoTN, cannon A waves

Question 20

what ECG findings in third degree AV block?

Answer 20

no relationship between P waves and QRS complexes

Question 21

what is treatment for third degree AV block?

Answer 21

pacemaker placement

Question 22

what is etiology of sick sinus syndrome/tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome

Answer 22

heterogeneous disorder that leads to intermittent supraventricular tachy and brady arrhythmias

Question 23

what are symptoms of sick sinus/ tachy-brady-syndrome?

Answer 23

syncope, palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain, TIA, and stroke

Question 24

what is treament for sick sinus syndrome?

Answer 24

most common indication for pacemaker placement