Cardiology: Lipid Lowering Agents

Question 1

name 5 examples of statins

Answer 1

atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin

Question 2

name mechanism of action of statins

Answer 2

inhibit HMG-CoA reductase the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis

Question 3

name statin effect on lipid prolife

Answer 3

decrease LDL and triglycerides

Question 4

name 3 side effects of statins?

Answer 4

increased LFTs, myositis, warfarin potentiation

Question 5

name 1 example of fibrates?

Answer 5

gemfibrozil

Question 6

what is mechanism of action of fibrates?

Answer 6

lipoprotein lipase stimulators leading to increased VLDL and triglycerides catabolism

Question 7

what is effect of fibrates on lipid prolife?

Answer 7

decrease triglycerides and increase HDL

Question 8

what are side effects of fibrates? (4)

Answer 8

GI upset, cholelithiasis, myositis, and increased LFTs

Question 9

what is name of drug that inhibits cholesterol absorption? where does it work?

Answer 9

ezetimbie (Zetia)

small intestine bush border

Question 10

what is ezetimbie effect on lipid profile?

Answer 10

decreased LDL

Question 11

name side effects of cholesterol absorption inhibitors?

Answer 11

diarrhea, abdominal pain. can cause angioedema

Question 12

name example of niacin?

Answer 12

niaspan

Question 13

name mechanism of action of niacin?

Answer 13

decrease fatty acid release from adipose tissue; decrease hepatic synthesis of LDL

Question 14

what is niacin effect on lipid profile?

Answer 14

increase HDL and decrease LDL

Question 15

what are side effects of niacin

Answer 15

skin flushing (can be prevented with ASA), paresthesias, pruritis, GI upset, increased LFTS

Question 16

name 3 examples of bile acid resins?

Answer 16

cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam

Question 17

name mechanism of action of bile acid resins?

Answer 17

bind intestinal bile acids, leading to decreased bile acid stories and increased catabolism of LDL from plasma

Question 18

what effect does bile acid resin have on lipid profile?

Answer 18

decreased LDL

Question 19

what are the side effects of bile acid resin? 5

Answer 19

constipation, GI upset, LFT abnormalities, myalgias. can decrease absorption of other drugs from the small intestine.