Cardiology - lung function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the d and what does it do?

A

D -dorsal respiratory group

inspiratory centre, sets the ‘rate’ for inspiration

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2
Q

what is the V?

A

expiratory centre

inactive during quiet breathing

inhbits the apenustic centre

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3
Q

What is the A?

A

A is apneustic centre

stimulated by acitivty in DRG,

inhibitted by pulmonary afferents

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4
Q

What is P?

A

P is pnemotaxic centre

the ‘inspiratory off switch’

regulates depth and frequency, decided when ‘enough’ of inspiration

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5
Q

Which 2 medualla obloganata inhibte stiumate each other?

A
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6
Q

How does Pneumotaxic regulate inspiratory?

A

When AP impluses reaches a thershold activated P centres and cessation of AP

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7
Q

How does Apneustic centre have it affects?

A

Apneustic helps programme rthym to dorsal centre

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8
Q

What 3 types of nerves innverate the respiratory muscles?

A

Parasymp

symp

motor

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9
Q

What is function of externalcostal muscles?

internal costal muscles?

A

external inspiration

internal expiration

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10
Q

What is a singificant feature of capillaries?

A

Have space between capillaries that are not endo cells -fernatations

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11
Q

How is blood brain barrier different to normal capillaries?

A

nervous cells that pack endo cells - no leakage

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12
Q

What is the main control of breathing molecules

and why

A

H+

as it is a product of metabolism

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13
Q

Which only moleucle out of H+, CO2 and HC03- can cross BBB to CSF?

A
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14
Q

What happens to H+ generated by acidation of C02 in CSF?

A

Crosses to Medulla and to dorsal respiratory group to determine type of rate and rhythm

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15
Q

Which pulmomary afferents affect ventilation?

A

irritant receptors

stretch receptors

J-receptors

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16
Q

What do irritant receptors do?

where do you find them?

A

afferente recepotrs within and benearth airway epithelium

leads to coughing, forceful expiration against a closed glottis

then with sudden glottal opening and high veloclity explusion of air

17
Q

What do strech receptors do?

A

pulmonary activated when excessive inflation of lungs

stimulate VRG and pneumotaxic

inhibit DRG and apneustic centre

inspiration inhbited and expiration stimulated

18
Q

What do J receptors do?

A

sensitive to oedma and pulmonary capillary engorgement

increases breathing freq

19
Q

What happens to level of 02 and CO2

before holding breathe

during

and after?

A
20
Q

What physiologically happens in medulla when you hold your breathe?

A

C02 increase + H+ accumlate in BBB

stimulate medulla to breathe in.

21
Q

What does

alkalosis

acidosis

mean?

A

alkalosis - circumstances decrease H+

acidosis - circumstances incraese H+

22
Q

What are the 2 types of distrubances to fix acid base homeostatis?

A

ventilatiory - fast

metabolic - slow

23
Q

How does ventilation alter pH?

A

rapid compensatory reponse to change C02 removal

24
Q

How does metabolic alter pH?

A

changes in HC03- and H+ secretions in kidney can slow/ DAYS

compenstoary response to pH

25
Q

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors found?

A

near carotid barorecpetors

at bification of carotid arteries in structures called arotic bodies and carotic bodies

26
Q

Why is chemorecepors positoned where they are?

A

monitoring the blood going to the brain

27
Q

How is breathing innerates by exercise?

A

-efferent from PMC to skeletal muscles partly innvervate medulla

AND

-propiocetive afferents from muscle spindles and golgi tendon innervate medulla on way to brain

TO BREATHE AS INCREASE ENERGY REQUIRMENT

28
Q

effects of skin on breathing?

A

temperature nerves

cold water- leads to ventilatory and inspiratory gasps