Cardiology Flashcards by Briar Findlay

Aortic stenosis murmur

Right upper sternal border
Midststolic ejection
Radiating to neck

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pulmonic stenosis murmur

Left upper sternal border

Softer P2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Atrial septal defect murmur

Wide, fixed, split S2
LUSB systolic ejection murmur
Short mid-diastolic murmur at LLSB

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Williams syndrome heart

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

+/- branch PA stenosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Murmur that increases with standing

Increase with standing or valsalva: HOCM or MVP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Delete this one

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Long-term complications of an unrepaired ASD

Pulmonary hypertension
Atrial dysrhythmias
Tricuspid or mitral insufficiency
Heart failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abx prophylaxis indicated for endocarditis… (7)

Prosthetic cardiac valves
Previous infective endocarditis
Unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease, incluing palliative shutns and cnoduits
Completely repaired CHD with prosthetic material/device within first SIX MONTHS
Repaired CHD with RESIDUAL defects at the site ora djance to the site of prosthetic patch or prosthetic device (which inhibit endothelialization
Cardiac transplant recipients with cardiac valvulopathy
Rheumatic heart disease if prosthetic valves/material used in valve repair

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CHD with increased pulmonary blood flow (6)

Transposition of the great arteries
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Truncus arteriosus
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Single ventricle physiology
DORV (without PS)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cyanotic heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow (5)

Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary atresia
Tricuspid atresia
Ebstein anomaly
Single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marfan

- gene, genetics and features

fibrillin gene
AD inheritance
signs: positive thumb, pectus excavatum, scoliosis, long arms, dilation of ascending aorta, mitral valve prolapse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Suprasternal notch thrill

aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SEM radiating to back

PS, PDA, coarctation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac syncope features

little or no prodrome
prolonged LOC (> 5min)
exericse or startle induced
associated chest pain or palpitations
hx of cardiac disease
positive fam hx
+/- abN exam

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fright/startle induced syncope

think long QT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1st line therapy for long QT syndrome

and normal QTc values

beta blockers
avoid QT prolonging drugs
boys < 0.45, girls < 0.47

Features of WPW on ECG

short PR interval

- delta wave

Risks of WPW

- sudden cardiac death

Torsades de pointes causes

long QT syndrome
hypomagnesemia
hypokalemia

ECG shows left axis

think AVSD
small RV (e.g. tricuspid atresia)
Noonan syndrome

Normal saturations based on operations:

Sano or BT shunt (Norwood)
arterial switch
Glenn
Fontan

Sano/BT shunt/Norwood: 75-85%
Art switch: 100% sats
Glenn: 75-85%
Fontan: >90 (usually)

Fontans-specific complications

protein losing enteropathy

- plastic bronchitis

Coronary artery involvement in KD (%)

~20% untreated

- 5% with treatment

5Ts and 3As of cyanotic congenital heart disease

truncus
transposition
tricuspid atresia
tetralogy
total anomalous pulmonary venous connections
Atresia pulmonary
Anomaly Ebsteins
A single ventricle

Pericarditis ECG findings

- depressed PR interval | - elevated ST

Causes of CHF by age - 1st week of life - weeks 2-6 - older children

1st week: obstructions e.g. HLHS, severe AS, coarctation, asphyxia, severe MR or TR, uncontrolled tachy e.g. SVT>24hr Week 2-6: VSD, AVSD, PDA (not ASD) Older children = pump failure: dilated CM, myocarditis, tachycardias

3 cardinal signs of CHF in infants

1. tachycardia 2. tachypnea 3. hepatomegaly

Rheumatic fever diagnosis

- 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor - AND evidence of recent GAS infection (different in low vs moderate/high-risk population)

Rheumatic fever criteria major and minor

Major: carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum Minor: fever, polyarthalgia, prolonged PR, elevated CRP or ESR

Cor pulmonale | symptoms

= right heart dysfunction secondary to pulmonary disease | features: SOBOE, decreased activity tolerance, CP, syncope on exertion, edema, decreased appetite/energy

Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale physical findings

- precordial bulge - RV heave - single S2 - TR, PR murmurs - pulsatile liver (TR) - hepatomegaly - edema

ARF prophylaxis

ARF without carditis - 5 yrs or until 21 yrs ARF with carditis (no valvular disease) - 10 yrs or until 21 yrs ARF with carditis and persistent valvular disease - 10 yrs or until 40 yrs of age (sometimes lifelong)

Treatment ARF

- bed rest and monitor for carditis (ambulate when inflam has subsided) - 10 days of oral penicillin or a single IM pen (then long term prophylaxis) - ASA - steroids if carditis and significant heart involvement

Long QT syndrome treatment

- beta blockers

TOF 4 features

1. stenosis of pulmonary artery 2. intraventricular communication 3. over-riding aorta 4. right ventricular hypertrophy

Management of tet spells

1. knee chest position 2. oxygen 3. IV fluid bolus 4. IV morphine 5. IV beta blocker 6. IV phenylephrine 7. emergency repair

Prostaglandin side effects

apnea/hypoventilation | others: hypotension, flushing, hyperthermia

HoCM screening

- ECG and echo q3-5 yr for children < 12yo | - annually for 12+ yrs