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AGNP review > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal tubules

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2
Q

Contraindications to Thiazide Diuretics

A

Gout
Hypotension
Hypothermia
Renal failure
Lithium tx
Sensitivity to sulfa drugs

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3
Q

MOA of loop diuretics

A

Inhibit the sodium- potassium-chloride pump of the kidney in the loop of Henle

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4
Q

Contraindications to Loop Diuretics

A

Anuria (kidney failure)

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5
Q

MOA of Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist Diuretics/Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist/Antimineralcorticoids

A

Antagonizes the action of aldosterone. Increases elimination of water in the kidneys and conserves potassium

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6
Q

Increases risk of hyperkalemia

A

ACEIs
ARBs
NSAIDs

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7
Q

Side effect of Spironolactone

A

Gynecomastia

Usually reversible after DC

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8
Q

Beneficial side effect of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Help bone loss by slowing down calcium loss (from the bone) and stimulating osteoclasts

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9
Q

MOA of BB

A

Decreases vasomotor activity, decreases CO, and inhibits renin (kidney) and norepinephrine release

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10
Q

CI of BB

A

Asthma, COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Second and third degree heart block (okay to use with first degree)

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11
Q

Types of beta receptors

A

Beta 1: cardiac

Beta 2: lungs, vascular smooth muscle

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12
Q

Cardioselective BB

A

Atenolol
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol

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13
Q

MOA of CCB

A

Block voltage gated calcium channels in cardiac smooth muscle. Results in systemic vasodilation.

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14
Q

SE of dihydropyridine CCBs

A

HA (d/t vasodilation)
Flushing
Ankle edema (vaso and benign) - dose dependent
Heart block (depressed cardiac muscle and AV node)
Reflex tachy

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15
Q

CI to CCB

A

Sick sinus syndrome
Second and third degree heart block
Brady
HFrEF

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16
Q

Dihydropyridine CCBs

A

-pine ending

Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Felodipine

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17
Q

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem

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18
Q

MOA of ACEIs

A

Inhibit activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which decreases conversion of angiotensin I to II (more potent vasoconstrictor)

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19
Q

MOA of ARBs

A

Block the effect of angiotensin II

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20
Q

SE of ACEIs

A

Dry cough (more so w/ARBs)
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema (rare but life threatening)
Do not use in pregnancy

21
Q

ACEI examples

A

Usually “pril” ending

Ramiro
Benazepril
Enalapril
Fosinopril

22
Q

ARB examples

A

“Artan” ending

Losartan
Candesartan
Olmesartan
Ibesartan

23
Q

Guideline directed therapy for HFrEF

A

Diuretic
BB
ACEI/ARB
ARNI

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs are not recommended

24
Q

First line therapy for HTN

A

Diuretics
ACEIs
ARB
CCB

25
Q

Preferred HTN agents for African Americans

A

Thiazides
CCBs

26
Q

Preferred HTN agent for CKD

27
Q

SE of ARBs

A

Hyperkalemia
Do not use in pregnancy

28
Q

SE of Alpha Blockers

A

Orthostatic hypotension

29
Q

SE of ARNIs

A

Sacubitril w/valsartan (Entresto)

Hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema

30
Q

SE of BB

A

Brady
Fatigue
Insomnia
ED
Brinchospasm

31
Q

SE of Loop Diuretics

A

Hypokalemja
Hyponatremja
Hyperuricemia
Dehydration

32
Q

SE of Nondihydropyridine CCBs

A

Worsening CO
Brady
Constipation

33
Q

SE of Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Dehydration

34
Q

SE of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Dehydration

35
Q

HTN med following MI

A

BB
ACEI
Aldosterone

36
Q

Asymptomatic MV prolapse interventions

A

No treatment

Lifestyle changes: avoid caffeine, alcohol, cigarettes, aerobic exercise, reduce stress

37
Q

ABI for PAD

38
Q

Meds for PAD

A

Cilostazol (vasodilator) - phosphodiesrerase inhibitor

Can be taken w/ASA and Clopidogrel
Serum concentration can be increased if taken w/ grapefruit juice, diltiazem, and omeprazole

39
Q

Meds for PAD

A

Cilostazol - phosphodiesrerase inhibitor

Can be taken w/ASA and Clopidogrel
Serum concentration can be increased if taken w/ grapefruit juice, diltiazem, and omeprazole

40
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

Fall of SBP of more than 10 mmHg during inspiratory phase - paradoxical pulse, important physical sign of cardiac tamponade

Cause: Pulm (asthma, emphysema) or CI (pericarditis, cardiac effusion- decreases movement of the left ventricle)

41
Q

Cardiac Temponade

A

Fluid build up in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart

42
Q

Cardiac Temponade

A

Fluid build up in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart

43
Q

Foods High in K+

A

Avocados
Sweet potatoes
Coconut water
Bananas
Oranges
Watermelon
Cantaloupe
Honeydew
Apricots
Grapefruit
Leafy vegetables
Edamame

44
Q

Rate Control Meds

A

BB (metoprolol)
CCB (diltiazem)
Digoxin

45
Q

Rhythm control meds

A

Amiodorone

BBW - Pulm tox, hepatic injury, hyper/hypothyroidism, visual impairment, peripheral neuropathy, worsened arrhythmia

46
Q

Med that should not be prescribed w/sulfa allergy

A

Thiazide and loop diuretics

47
Q

ECG Showing Brady

A

> 5 large boxes

48
Q

ECG showing Tachy

A

< 3 large boxes

AGNP review (16 decks)

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