Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

d-nursing pharmacology > cardio/ renal drugs specific > Flashcards

cardio/ renal drugs specific Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Pharmacology flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Adult Health flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards
1
Q

What is amiodrarone

(not the class)

A

Potassium channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classification of amiodarone

A

Antiarrythmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

amiodarone MOA

A

prolongs repolarization by blocking potassium channels in cardiac cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when is amidarone indicated

A

Indicated only for the treatment of life-threatening recurrent ventricular dysrhythmias when unresponsive to other treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens when you take amidarone

A

Usually hospitalized during initiation for close monitoring

Monitor BP & HR for profound hypotension and bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should you avoid/ consider w/ AMIODARONE

A

Black Box warning: Fatal toxicities (pulmonary, arrhythmia exacerbation, liver, heart block)

Avoid grapefruit juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classification of Dilitazem

A

Antiarryhtmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does dilitazem do

A

Calcium channel blockers

  • blocks calcium during depolarization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what might patients expieinece using dilitazem

and what should you check

A

Patients may experience:
Bradycardia (assess hr) – Check VItals

Edema (assess lung sounds/presence of edema)

hypotension (assess for orthostatic hypotension, advise slow positional changes)

Headache (assess bp to ensure med is working/provide analgesic)

Dizziness (D/t hypotension – Slow positional changes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what to avoid with dilitazem

A

Use caution with otc/herbal medications d/t interactions

Avoid grapefruit juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

classification of adenosine

A

antiarryhmics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adenosine use

moa

A

emergent use,

slows conduction

svt–Supraventricular tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Patients may experience with adenosine

and what to check for

A

Prolonged asystole/absence of pulse (monitor w/ EKG)

Palpitations (monitor pulse for 1 minute)

hypotension (assess for orthostatic hypotension, monitor bp, advise slow positional changes)

Bronchospasms/shortness of breath (assess airway/lung sounds, monitor for severe sob)

Facial flushing (update PCP with presence, maintain skin integrity)

Loss of consciousness (assess loC)

Dizziness (teach on slow positional changes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clarification of digoxin

A

antiarrythmics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is digoxin

not the class

A

Cardiac glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does digoxin do

A

inhibits na/k pump to raise CO/ lower HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Patients may experience with digoxin

A

Digoxin toxicity (n/v, fatigue, halos/blurring, bradycardia)
—Make sure to monitor digoxin levels (0.8-2.0 therapeutic)

Bradycardia (assess apical pulse x 1 minute – hold <60bpm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What at risk for with digoxin

A

risk for toxicity d/t hypokalemia (monitor potassium level (3.5-5.0

Increased risk w/ renal impairment – can’t excrete properly so becomes toxic!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

medication considerations with digoxin

antidote

A

Use extreme caution with other medications that decrease potassium (fureosemide)

Antidote: digibind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

classification of nitroglycerin

A

vasodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does nitroglycerin treat

A

treats angina caused by atherosclerosis (chronic pain) or MI (acute pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Patients may experience with nitroglycerin

A

Hypotension / dizziness (monitor BP after each dose, advise slow positional changes, sit down!!!)

Headache (d/t vasodilation – increased blood flow)

Sweating (may make you feel like you’re going to pass out)

n/v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does nitroglycerin come in

A

comes In sl, xr tabs, creams, patches, or iv (wear gloves when applying the patch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nitroglycerin considerations

don’t give/keep

A

Keep the bottle out of sunlight / away from heat (decomposes)

Do not give with sildenafil!!! (can cause severe hypotension leading to mi/cardiac death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

furosemide classifications

A

loop diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Furosemide MOA

A

prevents reabsorption of na/cl in loop of kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Furosemide uses to treat

A

Used to treat edema, heart failure & hypertension (removes fluid – potassium wasting diuretic!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Patients may experience with furosemide

and what to monitor

A

Dehydration (rehydrate w/ electrolytes)

Hypotension / dizziness (monitor BP, advise slow positional changes)

Hypokalemia (monitor kidney function, replace potassium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Considerations with furosemide

what monitor/when take

A

may need to adjust dose if causing harm to kidneys

Monitor weight (3# in day / 5# in a week) – contact pcp
Do not readjust dose independently if weight gain occurs

Administer IV furosemide Slowly (can cause ototoxicity)

Take early in the morning to prevent nocturia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

classification of Hydrochlorothiazide

A

thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide Moa

A

– promotes excretion of sodium & water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide use

A

Used to manage hypertension and edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

Patients may experience:

A

Electrolyte depletion (rehydrate w/ electrolytes)

Hypotension / dizziness (monitor BP, slow positional changes)

Photosensitivity (use sunscreen)

Renal impairment (monitor kidney function)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide considerations

A

Thiazide diuretics are not effective for immediate diuresis

Take at the same time each day

Monitor weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

spironolactone classification

A

potassium sparing diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

spironolactone moa

A

promotes excretion of sodium & water but retains potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

spironolactone use

A

Used to manage hypertension and edema in HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

spironolactone

Patients may experience:

A

Hyperkalemia (monitor kidney function, limit potassium)—Salt substitutes & Potassium rich foods (bananas, potatoes, oranges)

Hypotension / dizziness (monitor BP, advise slow positional Changes)

Dehydration (rehydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Spironolactone considerations

A

may need to adjust dose if causing harm to kidneys

Take at the same time each day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

clonidine – classification

A

alpha 2 agonist

41
Q

clonidine moa + do

A

stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors = vasodilation & decreased BP

42
Q

clondine use

A

Used to manage hypertension and adhd

43
Q

Clondine considerations

A

Monitor heart rate and blood pressure

Do not stop abruptly d/t rebound hypertension

Avoid alcohol and other cns depressants

44
Q

Patients may experience:
clondine

A

Hypotension (monitor BP, advise slow positional
Changes)

Dry mouth / dry eyes (rehydrate / keep moist)

45
Q

metoprolol classification

A

beta 1 antagonist

46
Q

metoprolol – moa

A

blocks beta-1 receptors = decreased BP & heart rate

47
Q

what is metoprolol used for

A

Used to manage hypertension, chest pain & tachycardia

48
Q

Patients may experience with metoprolol

A

bradycardia (monitor apical pulse & hold <60bpm)

Shortness of breath d/t bronchoconstriction (caution with breathing diagnosis)

Hypotension (monitor bp & use slow positional changes)

49
Q

Metoprolol considerations

A

Monitor vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate)

Do not stop abruptly d/t rebound hypertension

Do not crush extended-release formulas

50
Q

metoprolol can mask what

A

Can mask hypoglycemia (monitor blood sugars if diabetic)

causes Confusion, dizziness, sweating (cool and clammy – eat some candy)

51
Q

classification of captopril

A

ace inhibitor

52
Q

captopril MOA

A

blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin ii

53
Q

what does captopril used for and what does it do

A

Used to manage hypertension & heart failure

= decreased BP

54
Q

what might patients experience with captopril

A

Dry, non-productive cough (contact pcp, medication will be stopped/changed)

Hyperkalemia (monitor kidney function, limit potassium)

Hypotension (monitor bp & use slow positional changes)

Angioedema

55
Q

nursing considerations for captopril

limit

A

Limit all:
salt substitutes & Potassium rich foods (bananas, potatoes, oranges),
medications that increase potassium

Angioedema (go to ER!!!!) Concern for AIRWAY!!!

56
Q

losartan classification

A

angiotensin ll receptor blocker

57
Q

losartan moa

A

– blocks angiotensin ii = decreased BP

58
Q

losartan use

A

Used to manage hypertension & prevent nephropathy (kidney deterioration)

59
Q

what pt experience with losartan and what might nursing considerations

A

Hypotension (monitor bp & use slow positional changes)

Angioedema (go to ER!!!!) – more likely if used w/ an ace

Increased risk for infection (good hygiene/skin integrity, monitor for s/s of infection)

Hyperkalemia (monitor kidney function, limit potassium)–Salt substitutes & Potassium rich foods (bananas, potatoes, oranges), medications that increase potassium

60
Q

classification of hydralazine

A

vasodilator

61
Q

hydralazine used for/moa

A

relaxes blood vessels to treat hypertension

62
Q

what patients experience with hydralazine

A

Hypotension / dizziness (monitor BP, advise slow positional changes, sit down!!!)

Headache (d/t vasodilation – increased blood flow)

Palpitations / angina

Tremors, numbness, tingling

n/v/d

63
Q

what are you monitoring for with hydralazine

A

Monitor for infection, increased risk for developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – immune system attacks its own tissues (fatigue, joint pain, butterfly rash)

Consult pcp if 2 or more doses are missed

Monitor weight and assess for fluid retention

64
Q

classification of atorovasatin

A

HMG-COA reductase inhibitor

65
Q

atorvastatin – moa

A

blocks the enzyme that makes cholesterol

66
Q

what is atorvastatin used for

A

Used to treat high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
Assess liver function

67
Q

Patients may experience with atorvastatin –

A

n/V

Dyspepsia (avoid acidic/spicy foods)

Increased glucose (monitor sugars with diabetics)

Rhabdomyolysis (skeletal muscle breakdown)

Muscle pain, tenderness, weakness (contact PCP)

Myalgia (muscle pain)

68
Q

what to consider with atorvastatin –

A

Avoid taking with grapefruit juice

May take 2 weeks to reach therapeutic levels

69
Q

classification of ezetimibe

A

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

70
Q

ezetimibe moa

A

blocks cholesterol absorption

71
Q

ezetimibe used for

A

Used to treat high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)

72
Q

Patients may experience:
with ezetimibe

A

diarrhea

Upper respiratory infections (teach pulmonary hygiene)

Hepatic impairment (monitor liver function labs)

Rhabdomyolysis (skeletal muscle breakdown)

Muscle pain, tenderness, weakness (contact PCP)

arthralgia (joint stiffness)

73
Q

what to consider with ezetimibe

A

Avoid taking with grapefruit juice

Take as prescribed

74
Q

classification of heparin

A

anticoagulant

75
Q

heparin moa

A

heparin – inhibits clot formation

76
Q

heparin used for

A

Used to prevent clots

77
Q

what might patients expirience with heparin

A

sudden vital changes (internal bleeding)

Low BP & High HR

Bleeding (teach bleeding precautions

78
Q

bleeding precautions

A

Use caution with knives, use soft toothbrush, use electric razor, monitor for blood in stool/urine, IM injections

79
Q

medications consideration for heparin

antidote

A

Monitor ptt with iv use to ensure therapeutic range

High-alert medication

Avoid medications containing aspirin or nsaids

Antidote: protamine sulfate

80
Q

classification of enoxaparin

A

anticoagulant

LMW

81
Q

what does enoxaparin do

A

Used to prevent blood clots

82
Q

advantages of enoxaparin

A

NO labs

83
Q

what might patentees expiernce with enoxaparin

A

Bleeding (teach bleeding precautions)

Risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) – low plt

84
Q

What medications to avoid with enoxaparin and how to inject

A

Avoid medications containing aspirin or nsaids
Injection

“love handles” of abdomen – 2” away from belly button
Given subcutaneous (bunch skin)
Do not massage
Do not express air

85
Q

classification of warfarin

A

anticoagulant

86
Q

warfarin moa

A

inhibits synthesis of vitamin-k clotting factors

87
Q

warfarin used for

A

Used to prevent clots/dvt, used for a. fib, stroke prevention

88
Q

pt expirence with warfarin

A

Bleeding (teach bleeding precautions) – do not give w/ excessive bleeding!!!

89
Q

what to avoid with warfarin and the antidote

A

Avoid :
-grapefruit juice
-high contact sports
-medications containing aspirin or nsaids

Antidote: vitamin k
Foods w/ Vitamin K (kale, spinach, turnips, broccoli, dark leafy greens, some vegetables)

90
Q

what to monitor for with warfarin and typical onset

A

Monitor pt/inr to ensure therapeutic range (2.0 – 3.0)

Onset takes 2 – 7 days (may overlap w/ other treatments)

91
Q

classification for Aspirin & Clopidogrel

A

anti platelet

92
Q

Aspirin & Clopidogrel Moa

A

inhibits platelet activation and aggregation

93
Q

Aspirin & Clopidogrel use

A

Used to reduce risk of Myocardial infarction (MI) & Stroke

94
Q

Aspirin & Clopidogrel

Patients may experience:

A

Bleeding (teach bleeding precautions) – do not give w/ excessive bleeding!!!
Use caution with knives, use soft toothbrush, use electric razor, monitor for blood in stool/urine

Report tinnitus, unusual bleeding/bruising/blood in stool

95
Q

Aspirin & Clopidogrel considerations

A

duration is 7-10 (life of a platelet)–Must stop taking several days prior to surgery d/t bleeding risk

Concurrent use (ASA & Clopidogrel) increases bleeding in elderly

Contraindicated in children <12 with flu-like symptoms (reye’s syndrome)

Avoid medications containing nsaids

Overdose is irreversible

96
Q

sildenafil classification

A

pde 5 inhibitor

97
Q

sildenafil moa/ use

A

relaxes smooth muscles (heart) increasing blood flow (causing vasodilation)

98
Q

sildenafil – patients may experience

A

Hypotension / dizziness (monitor BP, advise slow positional changes, sit down!!!)

Headache (d/t vasodilation – increased blood flow)

flushing (may make you feel like you’re going to pass out)

Vaso-occlusive crisis (occlusion of blood vessel)

Priapism (go to er if lasts >4 hours)

99
Q

sildenafil black box

A

Do not give with other nitroglycerin!!!!! (can cause severe hypotension leading to mi/cardiac death)

d-nursing pharmacology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions