ans cns learnign objecftives Flashcards

Question

Identify the two fundamental divisions of the nervous system.

Answer 1

the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

P_______S Con eyes dilate sec mouth inhbit con lungs dialate dec heart increase sec stomach inhibit sec intestines inhibit go bladder realx go reproductive inhibit store pancreas release glucose

Answer 3

Where sympathetic will dilate one action, the parasympathetic will inhibit the other reaction for each one reaction. the other one will have the opposite reaction.

Answer 4

cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal disorders.

Answer 5

Contract smooth muscle PNS stimulation Blood vessels: vasodilation Decreased heart rate & BP Lungs: bronchoconstriction GI: increase motility Bladder: contraction Pupil: constriction Example: betanechol (direct-acting) donepezil (indirect-acting)

Answer 6

Relax smooth muscle Blood vessels: vasoconstriction to nonessential organs Increased heart rate & BP Salivation Lacrimation Urinary retention Drowsiness/dizziness GI upset Eyes (blurred vision/dry eyes) **Use caution in elderly d/t constipation & confusion** Example: atropine

Answer 7

Primarily stimulates heart with increased heart rate and contractility Primarily relaxes smooth muscles Blood vessels: vasodilation Lungs: bronchodilation GI: decreased motility Liver: glyconeogenesis Uterus: relaxatio

Answer 8

Relax smooth muscle Vasodilation Decreased blood pressure Bladder: increase blood flow “Selective Beta blocker” used to decrease heart rate and blood pressure bronchoconstriction

Answer 9

Nicotnic agonist-nictone patch musc agon-pilocarpine musc antan-atropine aplh1 agonist- pseudoephedrine alph2 antagon-tamsulosen Beta1 anon-dobutamine antag-metoplrol beta2 anon-albetorl antag-propanolol

Answer 10

Atropine- overdose includes urine termination, dizziness, abnormal heartbeat and difficulty breathing---also dry mouth pseudoephedrine-increased BP - Urinary retention - Nervousness - Difficulty sleepin tamsulosin- hypotension dobutamine-increase in bp/hr too much labored breathing/dizziness metotprlol- shortness of breath, bradycardia, fatigue,depression albuterol hypersensitivity,bronchospams, increase hr/bp propanolol- bromchocontriction hypotension bradycardia

Answer 11

As patients get older, they are going to need bp and other vital sign medications more. Also with decreased metabolism it will sit in system for longer

Answer 12

Asess-many type of medications stimulate or inhibit specific ANS receptors- assessing which ones will help specific problems Plan- atient will adhere to the drug regimen. Patient’s vital signs will be within the desired range implement- give drug. make sure to give medications when patient is right evaluate- document wether patient is doing as well an presribed

Answer 13

1- no accepted medical use 2-high potential for abuse 3-low potential for dependance 4-low potentialfor abuse 5-lowest potential for abuse

Answer 14

to establish a legal framework for the safe and effective distribution of prescription drugs

Answer 15

Step 1: Discovery & Development. Step 2: Preclinical Research. Step 3: Clinical Drug Development Process . Step 4: FDA Review. Step 5: Post-market Monitoring.

Answer 16

always work for the patent and fight for their right no matter where they are

Answer 17

Patients with strong belief in the harm of medications were found 4 times more likely to have poor medication adherence than those with weak belief in the harm of medications nurses need to have knowledge of all culture and beliefs. some cultures and beliefs don't allow certain types of medications

Answer 18

Nurses need to explain side affects and adverse affects to the patient. This allows for patient education so the patient knows what will happen to their body when they take the drugs

Answer 19

Half-life (t1/2) refers to the time required for plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%

Answer 20

Side affects- non inteefdned affects- can be predictable toxic afects- its ability to cause harmful effects ido-an abnormal susceptibility to a drug peculiar to the individua terat-drug is a teratogen if its administration to the pregnant mother, directly or indirectly,

Answer 21

agonist-work with the receptor-stimulate antagonist-work againts-inhibit

Answer 22

MEC- is the minimum plasma concentration of a drug needed to achieve sufficient drug concentration at the receptors to produce the desired pharmacologic response, MTC- represents the minimum blood level at which a toxic effect occurs plateau C-At steady state, the amount of drug administered on each dosing occasion is matched by an equivalent amount of drug leaving the body between each dose. Pc--when drug is highest in blood t-when blood is lowest in blood

Answer 23

Chemical name-they tell us about the elements present generic name-generic names are a shorthand version of the drug's chemical name, structure, or formula- all the same brand name-brand names are usually catchy, often related to the drug's intended use, and relatively easy to remember

Answer 24

absorption-Occurs when a medication enters the body and travels from site of administration into the body’s circulatio distribution-Movement of the drug within the body (blood/plasma to intra/extracellular compartments) metabolism-Breakdown of drugs so they can be eliminated more easily excretion-Process of elimination of waste

Answer 25

* Agonist Activates receptors * Antagonist Blocks receptor Therapeutic window Peak drug level through level therapeutic index

Answer 26

target cell sites and changing numbers of protein receptors. Immature systems and changing body compositions mean that drugs affect children differently. body composition, immature systems, and genetics. Total body water, fat stores, and protein levels change throughout childhood and greatly influence the effectiveness of drugs in the pediatric population. As you get older. your body has less to fight off the drug with, so it will stay in system for longer

Answer 27

OTC -Do not require a prescription * Regulated through FDA * Prescribed meds may be available OTC in smaller doses Dietary- Includes vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and botanicals * Not regulated by FDA Prescription -requires perscriprion regulated FDA larger doses need doctor order