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ACVECC boards: Journals and equations > Cardio articles > Flashcards

Cardio articles Flashcards

1
Q

Evaluation of atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I concentrations for assessment of disease severity in dogs with naturally occurring mitral valve disease

Yasutomo Hori DVM, et al javma 2020

A
  1. Plasma ANP and cTnI increased as dz severity increased
    - can detect subclinical stages
  2. Can assess severity and support echo findings
  3. Can’t use to diagnose
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2
Q

Use of cardiac sphericity index and manubrium heart scores to assess radiographic cardiac silhouettes in large-and small-breed dogs with and without cardiac disease

Ayman A. Mostafa et al, javma 2020

A

Cardiac sphericity index (CSI) highest w/ R-cardiac dz

High short-, long- and overall MHSs suggestive of L-cardiac dz

High short w/o high long- and overall MHS suggestive of R-side

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3
Q

Prevalence of selected cardiotropic pathogens in the myocardium of adult dogs with unexplained myocardial and rhythm disorders or with congenital heart disease

Roberto A. Santilli et al javma 2019

A

dogs with unexplained myocardial and rhythm disorders (UMRD)

UMRD dogs more likely to have pathogen than congenital dz dogs – CDV, canine coronavirus, CPV2, Bartonella

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4
Q

Assessment of plasma lactate and core-peripheral temperature gradient in association with stages of naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs

Felipe B. Soares et al jvecc 2018

A

Stage C dogs had higher plasma lactate than B2

Core-peripheral temp gradient no diff

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5
Q

Investigation of focused cardiac ultrasound in the emergency room for differentiation of respiratory and cardiac causes of respiratory distress in dogs

Melanie J. Hezzell MA, VetMB, PhD, DACVIM et al jvecc 2020

A

FOCUS did not significantly improve differentiation of C vs NC causes of respiratory distress compared to medical history and physical examination alone

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6
Q

Resolution of caval syndrome during initial hemodynamic stabilization in dogs with heartworm disease

Romain Pariaut et al jvecc 2020

A

Caval syndrome - tx with sildenafil, fluids, supplemental O2, 4/5 had pimo –> spontaneous HW migration back to pulmonary arteries 2h-5d after tx

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7
Q

Focused cardiac ultrasound and point-of-care NT-proBNP assay in the emergency room for differentiation of cardiac and noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in cats

Cassandra Ostroski Janson DVM, DACVECC et al jvecc 2020

A

FOCUS evaluation of basic cardiac structure and LA:Ao by trained emergency clinicians improved accuracy of diagnosis compared to PE in cats with respiratory distress.

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8
Q

Successful management of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia using defibrillation and intravenous amiodarone therapy in a cat

Noa Berlin et al jvecc 2020

A

VF occurs in 20% of CPA cats

No adverse event w/ amiodarone x 6 months

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9
Q

Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in 16 dogs

Amber B. Schoeller et al jvecc 2020

A

MgSulfate 0.2 mEq/kg IV over 5 minutes

Post-infusion led to increased iMg, decr HR and # of VPC but incr supraventricular ectopic beats at T2

Did not eliminate ventricular tachyarrhythmias @ this dose

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10
Q

Transient Myocardial Thickening in Cats Associated with Heart Failure

J. Novo Matos, et al jvim 2018

A

Cats were younger than HCM (2 vs 8 yo) with an antecedent event (e.g. Had stressful event, received drugs, or hypersensitivity rx)
-Proposed causes: myocardial edema, transient cellular infiltration, acute myocarditis

LVWT and LA:Ao normalize after 3.3 months

All TMT cats survived and 20/21 d/c cardiac meds

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11
Q

Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Diabetes Mellitus

R. Langhorn, et al jvim 2018

A

Cats w/ DM had lower SDMA

SDMA no diff b/w control and HCM cats

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12
Q

Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Heart Rate on Survival in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation

B. Pedro et al jvim 2018

A
  1. HOLTER HR affected survival
  2. Dogs with meanHR <125 bpm lived longer than those with meanHR ≥ 125 bpm.
  3. Every 10 bpm HR incr, risk of mortality incr by 35%
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13
Q

Diagnostic utility of cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

jvim 2018

A

Increased cTnI concentrations reflect the severity of HCM (aka CHF)

0.234 ng/mL 95% Sn and 78% Sp identifies HCM cats w/ CHF

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14
Q

International collaborative study to assess cardiovascular risk and evaluate long-term health in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apparently healthy cats: The REVEAL Study

jvim 2018

A

No diff in morbidity, mortality, and cardiovascular survival b/w HCM and HOCM

25% of them experienced cardiovascular death

10% of cats reaching 9-15 years survival

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15
Q

Clinical findings and survival time in dogs with advanced heart failure

Amelie Beaumier et al, jvim 2018

A

Advanced HF: >4 mg/kg/d lasix, ACEi, pimo

  1. MST 281 days
  2. High dose lasix (>6.7 mg/kg/day) and non-hospitalization = better MST.
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16
Q

Acute echocardiographic effects of sotalol on ventricular systolic function in dogs with ventricular arrhythmias

Lance C. Visser et al jvim 2018

A

Sotalol (2-2.5 mg/kg PO once) mildly decreased LV systolic function indicators except for TAPSE

HR, VPC/5 min and arrhythmia grade decreased after sotalol

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17
Q

Atrioventricular accessory pathways in 89 dogs: Clinical features and outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation

Kathy N. Wright, et al jvim 2018

A

Male labs

Non-specific signs- lethargy, GI

Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TICM) occurred in 46%

Radiofrequency catheter ablation successful in 99%

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18
Q

Evaluation of point-of-care thoracic ultrasound and NT-proBNP for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in cats with respiratory distress

Jessica L. Ward, et al jvim 2018

A

POC lung ultrasound, focussed cardiac ultrasound and NT-proBNP useful to dx CHF

FOR CHF:
LAE 97% Sn and 100% Sp
Pericardial eff 100% Sp and 60% Sn
+ NTproBNP 93% Sn 72% Sp

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19
Q

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (Stage B2)

Daniel K. Newhard, et al jvim 2018

A

Sacubitril/valsartan = combination ARB + NEP inhibitor
-NEP enzyme that cleaves natriuretic peptide; increased NEP associated w/ poor outcome in people

  1. Effectively inhibit the RAAS in dogs with ACVIM Stage B2 MMVD.
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20
Q

Prognostic factors in dogs with presumed degenerative mitral valve disease attending primary-care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom.

M J Mattin et al jvim 2019

A
  1. NT-proBNP strongest predictor of all-cause and cardiac-related mortality
  2. Increased hazard of death: high NT proBNP, cTnI, female, older, high HR, EI, dyspneic, and co-morbidities
  3. Increased hazard of cardiac-related death: higher NT-proBNP and cTnI, high HR, heart murmur intensities, EI and receiving potent diuretics
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21
Q

Factors associated with disease progression in dogs with presumed preclinical degenerative mitral valve disease attending primary care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom.

MJ Mattin, et al jvim 2019

A

NT-proBNP, heart rate, heart murmur intensity, presence of a cough, being a CKCS, and being prescribed pimobendan were associated with clinical progression to initiation of treatment with a potent diuretic or cardiac-related death.

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22
Q

Clinical, epidemiological and echocardiographic features and prognostic factors in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study of 92 cases (2001-2015).

Valerie Chetboul, et al jvim 2019

A
  1. Cardiac death is common in RCM cats
  2. Biatrial enlargement, arrhythmias, incr LA:Ao, presence of severe LAE*** were sig. associated w/ shorter time to death
    - LAE indepen. associated with decr survival
23
Q

Lidocaine for chemical cardioversion of orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia in dogs.

Kathy N Wright, et al jvim 2019

A

AP cells have similar ultrastructure as ventricular myocardial cells so maybe lidocaine will help

84% converted w/ lidocaine - median dose 2 mg/kg

24
Q

Clinical and laboratory findings and survival time associated with cardiac cachexia in dogs with congestive heart failure.

Deanna L Ineson, et al jvim 2019

A

cachexia defined as muscle loss or weight loss >5% in 12mo

Dogs w/ cachexia older, have cardiac arrhythmia, had higher Cl, lower BCS + HCT + Hgb + Alb

Cachexia, tachyarrhythmias, azotemia, being under- or overweight associated w/ shorter survival

25
Q

Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study.

Carlo Guglielmini, et al jvim 2019

A

HypoT4 induces mild and reversible cardiac changes (decr HR, P wave amp, R wave amp, mitral wave velocity)

26
Q

Evaluation of benazepril in cats with heart disease in a prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Jonathan N King, et al jvim 2019

A

Benaz was well tolerated but no diff. vs placebo in time to all-cause tx failure or tx failure related to heart dz
No change in LA, LV wall thickness, QoL, adverse effect or biochem values

27
Q

Long-term incidence and risk of noncardiovascular and all-cause mortality in apparently healthy cats and cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Philip R Fox, et al jvim 2019

A

Non-CVS related death occurred in 31% of cats – cancer, CKD, or chronic weight loss/V/d/anoreia

All-cause death greater in pHCM than healthy cats

28
Q

Echocardiographic and biomarker evidence of plasma volume expansion after short‐term steroids administered orally in cats

Chloё L. Block Mark A. Oyama jvim 2020

A

5 days of steroids caused incr LA dimension and LV internal diameter (LVID)
Most had % change in NT-proBNP but no sig. difference

29
Q

Cardiac cachexia in cats with congestive heart failure: Prevalence and clinical, laboratory, and survival findings

Sasha L. Santiago et al jvim 2020

A

41%% prevalence using MCS

Cachexic cats more likely to be older, have pleural effusion, had sig. higher BUN, neutrophilia, lower BCS, lower BW, lower HCT + Hgb. Shorter survival.
DCM cats also have shorter survival

30
Q

Role of electrolyte concentrations and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation in the staging of canine heart disease

Adin et al, jvim 2020

A

Refractory CHF associated w/ diuretic resistance

Hypochloremia (<103.5) was a marker for stage D disease

Greater ACE inhibition was seen in stage D dogs

31
Q

Associations among echocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, insulin metabolism, morphology, and inflammation in cats with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Ingrid van Hoek et al jvim 2020

A

NT-proBNP associated with cardiac remodelling

IGF-1 associated w/ both BW and BCS

” implications of insulin, IGF-1, and inflammation in cats with aHCM,”

32
Q

Temporal changes in clinical and radiographic variables in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease: The EPIC study

Adrian Boswood et al jvim 2020

A

Variables that changes before CHF:

  • VHS 1st
  • Incr RR/RRR/HR
  • Decr temp and BW
33
Q

Vitamin D status in cats with cardiomyopathy

Wendy A. Ware et al jvim 2020

A
  1. vitD was lower in CM cats

2. . Vit D positively related to survival and fractional shortening and negatively to LAE severity

34
Q

Efficacy of oral torasemide in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease and new onset congestive heart failure: The CARPODIEM study

Beatrice Besche et al jvim 2020

A

Torsemide noninferior to furosemide – had a longer time to endpoint and less than half as likely to experience death/euth/premature study withdrawal

35
Q

Utility of radiographic measurements to predict echocardiographic left heart enlargement in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease

Megan H. Poad et al jvim 2020

A

compared VHS, VLAS, and VHS + VLAS

VHS >11.7 identified dogs w/ echo left-heart enlargment

VHS <10.8 excuded dogs w/ left-heart enlargment

36
Q

Echocardiographic predictors of first onset of atrial fibrillation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Marco Baron Toaldo et al jvim 2020

A

Absolute cardiac diameters (LA diameter and LVIDd) and LA STE (speckle tracking echo) = predicted onset of AF

37
Q

Retrospective evaluation of the safety and tolerability of pimobendan in cats with obstructive vs nonobstructive cardiomyopathy

Jessica L. Ward et al jvim 2020

A

Obstructive cats were younger, more likely to have HM, more likely to manifest pulmonary edema CHF but less likely to have pleural effusion

No acute hemodynamic SE w/ pimo, well tolerated

38
Q

Prevalence and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Carlo Guglielmini jvim 2020

A

2.7% prevalence

significantly associated with the more advanced stage of the disease, increased LA dimension and body weight, and decreased FS.

39
Q

Efficacy of adding ramipril (VAsotop) to the combination of furosemide (Lasix) and pimobendan (VEtmedin) in dogs with mitral valve degeneration: The VALVE trial

jvim 2020

A

Adding ramipril didn’t have beneficial effects

40
Q

Prediction and measurement of diuretic responsiveness after oral administration of furosemide to healthy dogs and dogs with congestive heart failure

Kerry A. Loughran et al jvim 2020

A

Low diuretic responsiveness can be identified w/ uNa and uVol (both at 180 and 270 min)

41
Q

NEJM 2018

COMMANDER HF- Rivaroxaban in patients with HF, sinus rhythm and coronary disease

A

Use of rivaroxaban not associated w/ lower death, MI, or stroke compared to placebo

42
Q

Rapid assessment with physical examination in dyspnoeic cats: the RAPID CAT study

D. Dickson et al, JSAP 2018

A

Gallop sound, rectal temperature less than 37·5°C, HR>200 bpm and RR >80 useful to predict cardiac‐associated dyspnea.

43
Q

The SEISICAT study: a pilot study assessing efficacy and safety of spironolactone in cats with congestive heart failure secondary to cardiomyopathy

VetCardio 2018

A

spironolactone is well tolerated

44
Q

Effects of short-term anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid treatment on clinicopathologic, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic variables in systemically healthy dogs

Allison K. Masters et al AJVR 2018

A

1 mg/kg PO prednisolone SID x 14d

Increased from baseline systolic BP, labwork (neutrophilia, eosinopenia, isothenuria, high ALP + ALT)
No diff in Na, K, BG, or target echo variables

45
Q

Survival and prognostic factors in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: a review of 90 cases

Chiara Locatelli et al JFMS 2018

A
  1. Poor prognosis (MST 69d)
  2. 56% had cardiac related death
  3. Resp distress shortened MST
46
Q

Constant rate infusion vs. intermittent bolus administration of IV furosemide in 100 pets with acute left-sided congestive heart failure: A retrospective study
D G Ohad et al Vet J 2018

A

Short-term mortality 15%

Cr and TP incr more in CRI group compared to IV bolus group

lower RR in IV bolus than CRI group

47
Q

Usefulness of focused cardiac ultrasonography for predicting fluid responsiveness in conscious, spontaneously breathing dogs

Stefano Oricco et al AJVR 2019

A

VTIAo = aortic velocity time integral = had best AUC for predicting fluid responsiveness

(VTIAo, LVIDDn, EDVI and VmaxAo)

48
Q

Clinicopathologic, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic effects of short-term oral administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone to systemically normal cats

Imal A. Khelik et al AJVR 2019

A

1 or 2 mg/kg/day PO x 7d
did not cause relevant hemodynamic, echocardiographic, or diabetogenic effects in systemically normal cats with allergic dermatitis.

49
Q

Usefulness of pericardial lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs

Hori et al AJVR 2020

A

≥ 4 B lines extending from the epicardium of the left ventricle into the lung field on pericardial LUS may be useful in the diagnosis of CPE in dogs with DMVD

50
Q

Evaluation of dose-response effects of short-term oral prednisone administration on clinicopathologic and hemodynamic variables in healthy dogs

Rebecca L. Tinklenber et al AJVR 2020

A

Pred didn’t affect SAP, NT-proBNP concentration, or RAAS activation

Increased BG and GFR

51
Q

The prevalence of atrial premature complexes in healthy Doberman Pinschers and their role in the diagnosis of occult dilated cardiomyopathy

J Eberhard 1, G Wess Vet J 2020

A

Presence of APC not a marker for development of DCM

Influenced by extracardiac dz- esp. GI

52
Q

The role of atrial fibrillation as a prognostic factor in doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure

J Friederich et al VET J 2020

A

AF in Dobies incr risk of cardiac-related death and reduced survival

RA enlargement = predictor factor of AF

Biventricular and right atrial dilation was only present in dogs with AF

53
Q

NEJM 2020

EAST-AFNET 4: Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

A

Early rhythm control associated w/ lower risk of adverse CVS outcome

ACVECC boards: Journals and equations (15 decks)

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