Cardio articles Flashcards
Evaluation of atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I concentrations for assessment of disease severity in dogs with naturally occurring mitral valve disease
Yasutomo Hori DVM, et al javma 2020
- Plasma ANP and cTnI increased as dz severity increased
- can detect subclinical stages - Can assess severity and support echo findings
- Can’t use to diagnose
Use of cardiac sphericity index and manubrium heart scores to assess radiographic cardiac silhouettes in large-and small-breed dogs with and without cardiac disease
Ayman A. Mostafa et al, javma 2020
Cardiac sphericity index (CSI) highest w/ R-cardiac dz
High short-, long- and overall MHSs suggestive of L-cardiac dz
High short w/o high long- and overall MHS suggestive of R-side
Prevalence of selected cardiotropic pathogens in the myocardium of adult dogs with unexplained myocardial and rhythm disorders or with congenital heart disease
Roberto A. Santilli et al javma 2019
dogs with unexplained myocardial and rhythm disorders (UMRD)
UMRD dogs more likely to have pathogen than congenital dz dogs – CDV, canine coronavirus, CPV2, Bartonella
Assessment of plasma lactate and core-peripheral temperature gradient in association with stages of naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs
Felipe B. Soares et al jvecc 2018
Stage C dogs had higher plasma lactate than B2
Core-peripheral temp gradient no diff
Investigation of focused cardiac ultrasound in the emergency room for differentiation of respiratory and cardiac causes of respiratory distress in dogs
Melanie J. Hezzell MA, VetMB, PhD, DACVIM et al jvecc 2020
FOCUS did not significantly improve differentiation of C vs NC causes of respiratory distress compared to medical history and physical examination alone
Resolution of caval syndrome during initial hemodynamic stabilization in dogs with heartworm disease
Romain Pariaut et al jvecc 2020
Caval syndrome - tx with sildenafil, fluids, supplemental O2, 4/5 had pimo –> spontaneous HW migration back to pulmonary arteries 2h-5d after tx
Focused cardiac ultrasound and point-of-care NT-proBNP assay in the emergency room for differentiation of cardiac and noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in cats
Cassandra Ostroski Janson DVM, DACVECC et al jvecc 2020
FOCUS evaluation of basic cardiac structure and LA:Ao by trained emergency clinicians improved accuracy of diagnosis compared to PE in cats with respiratory distress.
Successful management of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia using defibrillation and intravenous amiodarone therapy in a cat
Noa Berlin et al jvecc 2020
VF occurs in 20% of CPA cats
No adverse event w/ amiodarone x 6 months
Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in 16 dogs
Amber B. Schoeller et al jvecc 2020
MgSulfate 0.2 mEq/kg IV over 5 minutes
Post-infusion led to increased iMg, decr HR and # of VPC but incr supraventricular ectopic beats at T2
Did not eliminate ventricular tachyarrhythmias @ this dose
Transient Myocardial Thickening in Cats Associated with Heart Failure
J. Novo Matos, et al jvim 2018
Cats were younger than HCM (2 vs 8 yo) with an antecedent event (e.g. Had stressful event, received drugs, or hypersensitivity rx)
-Proposed causes: myocardial edema, transient cellular infiltration, acute myocarditis
LVWT and LA:Ao normalize after 3.3 months
All TMT cats survived and 20/21 d/c cardiac meds
Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Diabetes Mellitus
R. Langhorn, et al jvim 2018
Cats w/ DM had lower SDMA
SDMA no diff b/w control and HCM cats
Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Heart Rate on Survival in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation
B. Pedro et al jvim 2018
- HOLTER HR affected survival
- Dogs with meanHR <125 bpm lived longer than those with meanHR ≥ 125 bpm.
- Every 10 bpm HR incr, risk of mortality incr by 35%
Diagnostic utility of cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
jvim 2018
Increased cTnI concentrations reflect the severity of HCM (aka CHF)
0.234 ng/mL 95% Sn and 78% Sp identifies HCM cats w/ CHF
International collaborative study to assess cardiovascular risk and evaluate long-term health in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apparently healthy cats: The REVEAL Study
jvim 2018
No diff in morbidity, mortality, and cardiovascular survival b/w HCM and HOCM
25% of them experienced cardiovascular death
10% of cats reaching 9-15 years survival
Clinical findings and survival time in dogs with advanced heart failure
Amelie Beaumier et al, jvim 2018
Advanced HF: >4 mg/kg/d lasix, ACEi, pimo
- MST 281 days
- High dose lasix (>6.7 mg/kg/day) and non-hospitalization = better MST.
Acute echocardiographic effects of sotalol on ventricular systolic function in dogs with ventricular arrhythmias
Lance C. Visser et al jvim 2018
Sotalol (2-2.5 mg/kg PO once) mildly decreased LV systolic function indicators except for TAPSE
HR, VPC/5 min and arrhythmia grade decreased after sotalol
Atrioventricular accessory pathways in 89 dogs: Clinical features and outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation
Kathy N. Wright, et al jvim 2018
Male labs
Non-specific signs- lethargy, GI
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TICM) occurred in 46%
Radiofrequency catheter ablation successful in 99%
Evaluation of point-of-care thoracic ultrasound and NT-proBNP for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in cats with respiratory distress
Jessica L. Ward, et al jvim 2018
POC lung ultrasound, focussed cardiac ultrasound and NT-proBNP useful to dx CHF
FOR CHF:
LAE 97% Sn and 100% Sp
Pericardial eff 100% Sp and 60% Sn
+ NTproBNP 93% Sn 72% Sp
A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (Stage B2)
Daniel K. Newhard, et al jvim 2018
Sacubitril/valsartan = combination ARB + NEP inhibitor
-NEP enzyme that cleaves natriuretic peptide; increased NEP associated w/ poor outcome in people
- Effectively inhibit the RAAS in dogs with ACVIM Stage B2 MMVD.
Prognostic factors in dogs with presumed degenerative mitral valve disease attending primary-care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom.
M J Mattin et al jvim 2019
- NT-proBNP strongest predictor of all-cause and cardiac-related mortality
- Increased hazard of death: high NT proBNP, cTnI, female, older, high HR, EI, dyspneic, and co-morbidities
- Increased hazard of cardiac-related death: higher NT-proBNP and cTnI, high HR, heart murmur intensities, EI and receiving potent diuretics
Factors associated with disease progression in dogs with presumed preclinical degenerative mitral valve disease attending primary care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom.
MJ Mattin, et al jvim 2019
NT-proBNP, heart rate, heart murmur intensity, presence of a cough, being a CKCS, and being prescribed pimobendan were associated with clinical progression to initiation of treatment with a potent diuretic or cardiac-related death.
Clinical, epidemiological and echocardiographic features and prognostic factors in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study of 92 cases (2001-2015).
Valerie Chetboul, et al jvim 2019
- Cardiac death is common in RCM cats
- Biatrial enlargement, arrhythmias, incr LA:Ao, presence of severe LAE*** were sig. associated w/ shorter time to death
- LAE indepen. associated with decr survival
Lidocaine for chemical cardioversion of orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia in dogs.
Kathy N Wright, et al jvim 2019
AP cells have similar ultrastructure as ventricular myocardial cells so maybe lidocaine will help
84% converted w/ lidocaine - median dose 2 mg/kg
Clinical and laboratory findings and survival time associated with cardiac cachexia in dogs with congestive heart failure.
Deanna L Ineson, et al jvim 2019
cachexia defined as muscle loss or weight loss >5% in 12mo
Dogs w/ cachexia older, have cardiac arrhythmia, had higher Cl, lower BCS + HCT + Hgb + Alb
Cachexia, tachyarrhythmias, azotemia, being under- or overweight associated w/ shorter survival
Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study.
Carlo Guglielmini, et al jvim 2019
HypoT4 induces mild and reversible cardiac changes (decr HR, P wave amp, R wave amp, mitral wave velocity)
Evaluation of benazepril in cats with heart disease in a prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Jonathan N King, et al jvim 2019
Benaz was well tolerated but no diff. vs placebo in time to all-cause tx failure or tx failure related to heart dz
No change in LA, LV wall thickness, QoL, adverse effect or biochem values
Long-term incidence and risk of noncardiovascular and all-cause mortality in apparently healthy cats and cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Philip R Fox, et al jvim 2019
Non-CVS related death occurred in 31% of cats – cancer, CKD, or chronic weight loss/V/d/anoreia
All-cause death greater in pHCM than healthy cats
Echocardiographic and biomarker evidence of plasma volume expansion after short‐term steroids administered orally in cats
Chloё L. Block Mark A. Oyama jvim 2020
5 days of steroids caused incr LA dimension and LV internal diameter (LVID)
Most had % change in NT-proBNP but no sig. difference
Cardiac cachexia in cats with congestive heart failure: Prevalence and clinical, laboratory, and survival findings
Sasha L. Santiago et al jvim 2020
41%% prevalence using MCS
Cachexic cats more likely to be older, have pleural effusion, had sig. higher BUN, neutrophilia, lower BCS, lower BW, lower HCT + Hgb. Shorter survival.
DCM cats also have shorter survival
Role of electrolyte concentrations and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation in the staging of canine heart disease
Adin et al, jvim 2020
Refractory CHF associated w/ diuretic resistance
Hypochloremia (<103.5) was a marker for stage D disease
Greater ACE inhibition was seen in stage D dogs
Associations among echocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, insulin metabolism, morphology, and inflammation in cats with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Ingrid van Hoek et al jvim 2020
NT-proBNP associated with cardiac remodelling
IGF-1 associated w/ both BW and BCS
” implications of insulin, IGF-1, and inflammation in cats with aHCM,”
Temporal changes in clinical and radiographic variables in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease: The EPIC study
Adrian Boswood et al jvim 2020
Variables that changes before CHF:
- VHS 1st
- Incr RR/RRR/HR
- Decr temp and BW
Vitamin D status in cats with cardiomyopathy
Wendy A. Ware et al jvim 2020
- vitD was lower in CM cats
2. . Vit D positively related to survival and fractional shortening and negatively to LAE severity
Efficacy of oral torasemide in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease and new onset congestive heart failure: The CARPODIEM study
Beatrice Besche et al jvim 2020
Torsemide noninferior to furosemide – had a longer time to endpoint and less than half as likely to experience death/euth/premature study withdrawal
Utility of radiographic measurements to predict echocardiographic left heart enlargement in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease
Megan H. Poad et al jvim 2020
compared VHS, VLAS, and VHS + VLAS
VHS >11.7 identified dogs w/ echo left-heart enlargment
VHS <10.8 excuded dogs w/ left-heart enlargment
Echocardiographic predictors of first onset of atrial fibrillation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Marco Baron Toaldo et al jvim 2020
Absolute cardiac diameters (LA diameter and LVIDd) and LA STE (speckle tracking echo) = predicted onset of AF
Retrospective evaluation of the safety and tolerability of pimobendan in cats with obstructive vs nonobstructive cardiomyopathy
Jessica L. Ward et al jvim 2020
Obstructive cats were younger, more likely to have HM, more likely to manifest pulmonary edema CHF but less likely to have pleural effusion
No acute hemodynamic SE w/ pimo, well tolerated
Prevalence and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Carlo Guglielmini jvim 2020
2.7% prevalence
significantly associated with the more advanced stage of the disease, increased LA dimension and body weight, and decreased FS.
Efficacy of adding ramipril (VAsotop) to the combination of furosemide (Lasix) and pimobendan (VEtmedin) in dogs with mitral valve degeneration: The VALVE trial
jvim 2020
Adding ramipril didn’t have beneficial effects
Prediction and measurement of diuretic responsiveness after oral administration of furosemide to healthy dogs and dogs with congestive heart failure
Kerry A. Loughran et al jvim 2020
Low diuretic responsiveness can be identified w/ uNa and uVol (both at 180 and 270 min)
NEJM 2018
COMMANDER HF- Rivaroxaban in patients with HF, sinus rhythm and coronary disease
Use of rivaroxaban not associated w/ lower death, MI, or stroke compared to placebo
Rapid assessment with physical examination in dyspnoeic cats: the RAPID CAT study
D. Dickson et al, JSAP 2018
Gallop sound, rectal temperature less than 37·5°C, HR>200 bpm and RR >80 useful to predict cardiac‐associated dyspnea.
The SEISICAT study: a pilot study assessing efficacy and safety of spironolactone in cats with congestive heart failure secondary to cardiomyopathy
VetCardio 2018
spironolactone is well tolerated
Effects of short-term anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid treatment on clinicopathologic, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic variables in systemically healthy dogs
Allison K. Masters et al AJVR 2018
1 mg/kg PO prednisolone SID x 14d
Increased from baseline systolic BP, labwork (neutrophilia, eosinopenia, isothenuria, high ALP + ALT)
No diff in Na, K, BG, or target echo variables
Survival and prognostic factors in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: a review of 90 cases
Chiara Locatelli et al JFMS 2018
- Poor prognosis (MST 69d)
- 56% had cardiac related death
- Resp distress shortened MST
Constant rate infusion vs. intermittent bolus administration of IV furosemide in 100 pets with acute left-sided congestive heart failure: A retrospective study
D G Ohad et al Vet J 2018
Short-term mortality 15%
Cr and TP incr more in CRI group compared to IV bolus group
lower RR in IV bolus than CRI group
Usefulness of focused cardiac ultrasonography for predicting fluid responsiveness in conscious, spontaneously breathing dogs
Stefano Oricco et al AJVR 2019
VTIAo = aortic velocity time integral = had best AUC for predicting fluid responsiveness
(VTIAo, LVIDDn, EDVI and VmaxAo)
Clinicopathologic, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic effects of short-term oral administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone to systemically normal cats
Imal A. Khelik et al AJVR 2019
1 or 2 mg/kg/day PO x 7d
did not cause relevant hemodynamic, echocardiographic, or diabetogenic effects in systemically normal cats with allergic dermatitis.
Usefulness of pericardial lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs
Hori et al AJVR 2020
≥ 4 B lines extending from the epicardium of the left ventricle into the lung field on pericardial LUS may be useful in the diagnosis of CPE in dogs with DMVD
Evaluation of dose-response effects of short-term oral prednisone administration on clinicopathologic and hemodynamic variables in healthy dogs
Rebecca L. Tinklenber et al AJVR 2020
Pred didn’t affect SAP, NT-proBNP concentration, or RAAS activation
Increased BG and GFR
The prevalence of atrial premature complexes in healthy Doberman Pinschers and their role in the diagnosis of occult dilated cardiomyopathy
J Eberhard 1, G Wess Vet J 2020
Presence of APC not a marker for development of DCM
Influenced by extracardiac dz- esp. GI
The role of atrial fibrillation as a prognostic factor in doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure
J Friederich et al VET J 2020
AF in Dobies incr risk of cardiac-related death and reduced survival
RA enlargement = predictor factor of AF
Biventricular and right atrial dilation was only present in dogs with AF
NEJM 2020
EAST-AFNET 4: Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Early rhythm control associated w/ lower risk of adverse CVS outcome
